单选题 Text
Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed (26) over the centuries. During the 1950s and 1960s especially, increased attention has been devoted to (27) the reading process. (28) specialists agree that reading (29) a complex organization of higher mental (30) , they disagree (31) the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, (32) reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand (33) .
These authorities (34) that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is (35) related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without (36) their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, (37) some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who (38) reads.
Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its (39) . By some expert they would not be (40) as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use. By the most (41) and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to (42) the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various (43) , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do (44) widely and enthusiastically. (45) , reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[精解] substantively“本质地”；substantially“大量地”；substitutively“可替代地”；subjectively“主观地”。本句指阅读概念发生了巨变。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[精解] 在这里to是介词，后接名词或动名词。因本句中the reading process前应有动词，故选动名词。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[精解] although表示“尽管”，符合句意。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[精解] involve意为“需要”，此处是说阅读需要组织运用较高层次的……。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[精解] mental function“思维功能”。opinion“意见”；effect“影响”；manner“行为”，这三项与mental搭配不妥。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[精解] disagree about/on“对……有不同意见”，在这一含义上不能用其他介词。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[精解] view…as把……看作。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[精解] stand by“支持”；stand to“遵守”；stand off“对人冷漠”；stand for“代表”。此句意为阅读仅仅是把符号解读为它们所代表的声音。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[精解] content“内容”；contend“主张”；contempt“轻视、蔑视”；contact“接触、联系”。根据句意，此处应选contend，意为这些权威人士认为……。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[精解] inexplicably“无法解释地”；inexpressibly“说不出地”； inextricably“无法摆脱地”；inexpediently“不适当地，不明智地”。此处意为阅读与思维有着无法解释的关系。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[精解] 本句意为一个孩子会发音而不理解意义不是真正意上的阅读，只有interpreting“理解”符合题意。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[精解] 在这里according to some…是说“根据一些人的观点”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[精解] actually“事实上地，真实地”；这里actually和前半句的 theoretical是在词意上的相对，符合句意。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[精解] 代词its后接名问，四项选择中只有B、D项是名词。 entirety“整体”；entity“实体”。in its entirety指整体地、全面地。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[精解] be classified as“被划分，被分类到”，符合句意。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[精解] inclusive“包括的”；inclinable“倾向于的”；conclusive“确定性的”；complicated“复杂的”。此句意为根据最确定和最满意的定义，因此conclusive符合句意。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[精解] break up“解散”；elaborate“详细说明，论述”；define“解释，定义”；unlock“解开、破译”；此处意为破译语言的声音符号编码。故答案为D。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[精解] for various purposes意为不同目的，与上下文相符。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[精解] 此处用so作do的宾语。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[精解] 根据文意，此处要作总结，选in short“总之”。by the way顺便说，so far到目前为止，on the other hand另一方面。