【正确答案】正确答案：Generative linguistics is also called TG grammar, which is proposed by Chomsky. TG grammar differs from the structural grammar in a number of ways; ① rationalism; ② innateness; ③ deductive methodology; ④ emphasis on interpretation; ⑤ formalization; ⑥ emphasis on linguistic competence; ⑦ strong generative powers; ⑧ emphasis on linguistic universals.(5 points) The starting point of Chomsky"s TG grammar is his innateness hypothesis, based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately. TG grammar has the following features;(3 points) ① Chomsky defines language as a set of rules or principles.(2 points) ② Chomsky believes that the aim of linguistics is to produce a generative grammar which captures the tacit knowledge of the native speaker of his language. This concerns the question of learning theory and the question of linguistic universals.(2 points) ③ Chomsky and his followers are interested in any data that can reveal the native speaker"s tacit knowledge. They seldom use what native speakers actually say; they rely on their own intuition.(2 points) ④ Chomsky"s methodology is hypothesis-deductive, which operates at two levels;(2 points) a. The linguist formulates a hypothesis about language structure—a general linguistic theory; this is tested by grammars for particular languages.(1 point) b. Each such grammar is a hypothesis on the general linguistic theory.(1 point) ⑤ Chomsky follows rationalism in philosophy and mentalism in psychology.(2 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查生成语言学的主要特征。乔姆斯基的TG理论的出发点是天赋假设。天赋假设建立在他对一些重要现象的观察之上，而这些现象绝不可能用其他方式加以妥当地解释。 第一，乔姆斯基把语言定义为一套规则或原理。 第二，乔姆斯基认为语言学家的目标应该是去建立一种有生成能力的语法，这个语法抓住本族语人所默认的知识。这就涉及到语言习得和语言普遍性的问题。 第三，对任何能够揭示本族语人所默认的知识的材料，乔姆斯基和他的继承者都极感兴趣。他们很少使用那些本族语人所说的材料，而是依赖自己的直觉。 第四，乔姆斯基的研究方法是假设一演绎，他把这种方法运用在两个层面上： (a)语言学家阐明关于语言结构的假设——语言的普遍理论，这个理论被个别语言的语法所验证； (b)每一个个别语法又是关于普遍语言的普遍理论的假设。 最后，乔姆斯基追随了哲学上的理性主义和心理学上的心灵主义。