翻译题
人类学研究 ——2003年英译汉及详解 Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.【F1】Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. "Anthropology" derives from the Greek words anthropos "human" and logos "the study of". By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences.【F2】Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.【F3】The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.【F4】Tylor defined culture as "... that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society". This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. 【F5】Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture", like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：定语从句和非谓语动词。 此句的结构为：①主句+分词短语表示伴随状态的结构：humans have the ability to modify…thussubjecting…②the environment in which they live是定语从句。该句中modify the environment in whichthey live应译作“改变他们的生存环境”；subjecting all other life forms to译为“让所有其他形态的生命服从”。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：过去分词作后置定语和并列结构。 句子的结构是：①主干结构是一个简单句：The emphasis…，combined with…，makes this study aunique and distinctly important social science．②主语后面带有on data gathered first-hand是主语的定语，combined with“加上”相当于and的意思，是对主语内容的补充，perspective可以理解成主语的并列成分，brought to the analysis of cultures past and present是perspective的定语。其中past and present是cultures的定语。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：定语从句和并列结构。 句子的结构是：①主干结构是：Tylor defined cuhure as“…that complex whole…”其中whole是“整体”的意思。后面是一个很长的定语从句，翻译时可以和先行词拆开。②which引导的定语从句中有多重并列宾语，acquired by man as a member of society是宾语的定语。Tylor为人名，音译为“泰勒”；defined culture as译为“将文化定义为”：that complex whole译为“一个复合体”。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：of后置短语和定语从句。 句子的结构是：①主干结构是：主语+插入语(like the concept of)+系表结构(is an abstractconcept)+which引导的定语从句。②immense amounts of concrete research and understanding是动词makes的宾语，possible是状语前置。the anthropological concept of“culture”应译作“人类学的‘文化’概念”；the concept of“set”in mathematics译为“数学中‘集’的概念”。