阅读理解 This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water—and to chart a new course.
They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.
Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.
In China, urbanization and rapid growth has lifted millions of people out of poverty. It has also left a water crisis of epic proportions. The Hai-Huai-Yellow river basin tells its own story. More than 80 percent of river lengths are chronically polluted. The basin is home to more than 400 million people and about one half of the rural poor. It produces more than half of China's wheat and corn. And it is running out of water. Current use exceeds river flow by a third, leading to another case of groundwater overexploitation.
What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking— especially in some of the poorest countries.
Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.
Across the world, water-based ecological systems—rivers, lakes and watersheds—have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation.
We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there's no tomorrow—and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzzword at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.
There is another, equally profound challenge. We have to strengthen the rights and the voice of the poor—and it means putting social justice at the center of water management.

单选题 1.According to the text, the consequences of water crisis include the following facts except that ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】属事实细节题。根据选项A中的关键词“competitions”迅速定位到第五段第四句，该句谈到了人口增长的同时水资源锐减，人均水资源也在减少，而水资源的缺乏一定会导致不同人群之间对水资源更为激烈的竞争，故选项A符合文意。根据选项C中的关键词“submerge”迅速定位到第二段第三句，该句讲的就是在墨西哥城，由于对地下水的过度开发，导致土地下沉，故选项C符合文意。根据选项D中的关键词“needy”迅速定位到第三段第三句，该句谈到水位下降，导致抽水成本的上升，从而加剧贫困人口的窘境，故选项D符合文意。原文第四段举了黄淮水域的例子，可以看出污染也是造成水危机的原因之一，而并不是说因为水危机污染会更严重，故选项B符合题意。

单选题 2.Which of the following is wrong in the China's water crisis case?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】属事实细节题。根据题干中的关键词“China’s water crisis”迅速定位到文章的第四段。根据选项A中的关键词“Urbanization”迅速定位到第四段第一句，选项A符合文意。根据选项B中的关键词“pollution”迅速定位到第四段第四句，选项B符合文意。该段第七句说“这儿的水资源已经濒临枯竭”，故选项D符合文意。根据选项C中的关键词“poverty”迅速定位到第四段第一句，该句谈到“城市化以及快速的经济发展让数百万人脱贫”，而并不是光靠着海黄淮三条水域，故选项C为正确答案。

单选题 3.According to the author, the main reason that drives water crisis lies in______.

单选题 4.On which of the following would the author least probably agree?

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】属信息推断题。从原文第二段第一句话我们能够看出墨西哥正在面临严重的水资源紧缺的问题，故选项A符合文意。选项C在文章的最后一段中有所提及，作者认为给予贫穷人口更多的权利和话语权在解决水资源危机的问题上有着重要作用，故选项C符合文意。选项D虽然在文中没有直接提及，但是纵观全文，作者一直在提倡人们关注水资源、爱惜水资源，而政府也应该鼓励百姓形成爱护水资源的意识，符合作者的初衷，故选项D符合文意。选项B过于绝对，虽然很多国家存在着过度开采地下水的情况，但是我们也不能全盘否定，绝对不开采地下水，故本题正确答案为B。

单选题 5.Which of the following is the main reason of the author's advocacy of strengthening the rights and voice of the poor?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】属信息推断题。原文中所列举的饱受水资源危机困扰的国家都是发展中国家，但是也不能说发达国家完全没有这样的问题，故选项B错误。文中并没表述水资源管理机制就是教导穷人如何高效地利用水资源，故选项C错误。选项D陈述了与题干相关的事实，但并没有点明要给予穷人更多的权利和话语权的原因。作者在文中多次表达了水资源危机的最终、最主要的受害者就是贫穷人口，因为其不具有较强的经济能力，多数以务农为职业，故水对于他们来说意味着一切，所以选项A符合题意，为正确答案。