单选题 Change—or the ability to adapt oneself to a changing environment—is essential to evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself: He can move to another place and master the problems peculiar to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps after a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can not adapt its trade or defense requirements to meet world conditions faces economic or military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. There must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, or movement backwards, which is decay and deterioration. In this context, tradition can be a force for good or for evil. As long as it offers a guide(without insisting that its path is the only one), it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step forward, and thereby, to adapt themselves to changed circumstances. Tradition, or custom, can guide the hunter as effectively as it can influence the nervous hostess. But if we make an idol(偶像、崇拜)of tradition, it ceases to become a guide and becomes an obstacle lying across the path of change and progress. If we insist on trying to plot the future by the past, we clearly handicap ourselves and invite failure. The better course is to adopt the help which tradition can give but, realizing that it necessarily has its roots in the past, to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.
单选题 The author maintains that if we want to get along with the world______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析:细节题。文中第一句就讲到,应变一使自身适应环境变化的能力,是进化的基本需要。后面讲到的农民接受工作培训、贸易和防御以适应世界的形式,都是围绕如何做到“应变”来说的,所以正确答案是D。
单选题 The farmer's case in Para. 1 is given as an example of______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析:细节题。文中第一段讲到,对于需要土地用于建房屋或者工业用地的农民来说,他必须使自己适应这种变化。他可以搬迁到另外一个地方并且克服那里特有的各种问题;或许经过一段时间的培训,他可以转换职业,否则可能会被饿死。从中可知,所举农民的事例是为了表明适应变化的必要性,所以正确答案是C。
单选题 "The hunter and the nervous hostess" in Para. 2 are referring to people who______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】解析:细节题。文中第二段讲到,在此背景下,传统既可以成为有益的力量,也可以成为有害的力量。只要它提供一个指南(而不是坚持认为它是唯一的路径),就会帮助蒙昧者和无知者前行,从而使他们适应发生变化的境况。传统或习俗可以有效地为猎手提供指导,就像使不知所措的女主持有章可循一样。因此这里的“猎手和女主持”指的是蒙昧者和无知者。所以正确答案是A。
单选题 The author warns us that______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】解析:作者意图题。文中第二段讲到,如果我们崇拜传统,它就不再会是向导,而且会成为挡在变革和进步道路上的绊脚石。如果我们试图坚持根据过去筹划未来,那显然就是作茧自缚,并招致失败。从中可知,作者是在提醒我们,过度崇拜传统就会给我们带来麻烦。D项“传统是挡在变革道路上的绊脚石”是因过度崇拜传统而招致的结果,不正确。正确答案是B。
单选题 This passage manly discusses the relationship between______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析:主旨题。本文首先点明应变才能适应环境变化,是进化的基本需要,后面以农民和国家为例加以说明。从而引出第二段对传统的辩证看法,即在此背景下传统既可以成为有益的力量,也可以成为有害的力量。不能一味崇拜传统,应把它视做指南,采纳其中有用的部分,因为世界是在不断变化着的。从中可知,本文主要讨论了传统与变革之间的关系。所以正确答案是D。