单选题 In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the【C1】______half of the 19th century; most of【C2】______were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day-nursery movement received great【C3】______during the First World War, when【C4】______of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries, nurseries were established【C5】______in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship【C6】______the number of nurseries in the U. S. , also rose【C7】______. this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War,【C8】______Federal State and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control【C9】______the day nurseries, chiefly by【C10】______them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：上下文语义。从上文中的1854年可知，空格处填入“19世纪的后期”，且与half搭配只能用latter，故答案为A。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：代词词义辨析。从上文中可知空格应填入指示nurseries的代词，而词条出现的句子前的标点符号为分号，说明本句为一个独立简单句，故排除whose和which，A选项those为形容词性指示代词，不能单独做宾语。故答案为B。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：名词词义辨析。impetus“推动，促进”；input“输入”；imitation“模仿”；initiative“主动权”，根据句意可知答案为A。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：上下文语义。从下文中提及的大量妇女就业可知空格处应填入表示男性劳动力的“短缺”意义的名词，sources“来源”；abundance“丰富：充裕”；shortage“短缺”；reduction“减少”。只有选项C符合句意，故答案为C。

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：逻辑关系。根据上下句可知，本句内容是对之前的内容的进一步强调。句意：在一些欧洲国家的政府直接倡导下，甚至在军火工厂里也建了日托所。可知even符合语境。故答案为D。

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：逻辑关系。本句是一个让步状语从句，根据句中without government aid of any kind可知是对上句提及的under direct government sponsorship的转折，选项中只有although为表示转折关系的连词，故答案为D。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：副词词义辨析。unanimously“全体一致地，无异议地”；sharply“急剧地”；predominantly“主要地：支配其他地”；militantly“好战地，激进地”。修饰动词rose的副词，四个选项中只有sharply(急剧地)符合语境。句意：尽管在美国托儿所的数目急剧增长，但它们并未得到政府的任何资助。故答案为B。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：逻辑关系。句中提及local government began to exercise measures，可知本句在语气上是转折的，副词however符合语境。故答案为C。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：动词词义辨析。formulating“规范”；labeling“贴标签，分类”；patenting“取得……的专利权”；licensing“许可，批准”。根据句意“通过规范(formulate)来管理”可知答案为A。