单选题

Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight

You hear this: "No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat." You feel sad: "I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, "80 percent of the children of two obese (肥胖的) parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight."
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新陈代谢的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn"t result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved nonobese people.
Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly baffle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.
The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.

单选题 What determines your weight?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是由一些表示条件关系的动词determine表达的细节题，题干问的是什么决定一个人的体重。返回原文第一段的最后一句话Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it，可以轻易地找到答案，是基因，而不是人的生活习惯决定了一个人的体重，故答案为D。本题的问题还是比较简单的，可直接从原文中找到答案。

单选题 What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 细节考查题。题干问Jules Hirsch曾经在研究中对8名肥胖者做过什么。选项A、B和C分别为：让他们不吃晚饭、让他们不吃早饭和让他们每天早晚跑步，这些在原文中都没有提到。返回第三段第四句话Theyr were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day，他们被给予一种流食配方，每天提供600热卡。由此可见，正确答案是D。这些答案都是可以从原文中直接找到的。

单选题 What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 细节考查题。题干问8名肥胖者在离开医院以后发生了什么。返回原文可以找到But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight，但是在他们离开医院之后，他们的体重又回升了。故答案为C。但是可能某些考生会受到此题中干扰选项的困扰。选项A：They went mad是在偷换原文They had psychiatric problems他们的精神状态不佳的概念；而选项B和D都是以原文some were suicidal设置的干扰选项，考生可直接排除B。但可能会对D项有所犹豫，选项D是典型的以偏概全：原文是some were suicidal有些人甚至有自杀倾向，选项D以all代替了some，为错误选项。本题考查的并不难，但考生要注意此类干扰选项的选择。

单选题 Ethan Sims made his subjects ______.

单选题 What did scientists think was true?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为考查三误一正的细节题。其实本题在未读原文的基础上便可依据常识得出答案。选项A的大意为：每个人都有一个适合的体重范围；选项B的大意为：每个人的体重范围都在9千克以内；选项C的大意为：每个人都想控制自己的体重；选项D的大意为：每个人都想尽情地吃；根据常识就可得知选项B、C、D都是不符合常理的，可排除，故答案为A。不采用此种方法的话，根据最后一段的第一句话The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range，也可得出选项A是正确的。另外，要注意to one"s heart"s content是固定搭配：尽情地、痛痛快快。