Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
【真题来源：2019年12月大学英语四级真题（第二套） Part Ⅲ，Section C，第46-50题】
Passage One
Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher Pearson is the largest publisher – of any kind – in the world.
It costs about $1 million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will have dozens of contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.
It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or buying used print textbooks. But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their books – which has increased over 1,000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in order. But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself.
While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example, over the centuries. they have simulated (模拟) dialogues in a number of ways. From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for students to answer inductively (归纳性地). That means students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to general questions. Today's psychology texts, for example, ask: “How much of your personality do you think you inherited?” while ones in physics say: “How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land?”
Experts observe that “textbooks come in layers, something like an onion.” For an active learner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace. They “customize” their books by engaging with different layers and linkages. Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customization that students value in print books over digital forms of books.
What does the passage say about open educational resources?
第二段第三句指出，教科书出版商以其他替代品（例如开放式电子教科书和开放式教育资源） 根本无法实现的方式将教授、讲师和学生联系起来，即开放式教育资源无法像教科书那样将教授和学生联系起来，故本题选C。选项中的connect是原文原词复现。选项A 、B和D 的内容原文都没有提到，均可以排除。
What is the main cause of the publishers' losses?
第三段第一句指出，的确，教科书出版商最近报告了亏损，这主要是由于学生租用或购买了二手的纸质教科书。由此可知，学生租用或使用二手教科书导致了教科书的销量下滑，从而造成教科书出版商亏损，故本题选 D。选项A 、B和C的内容与原文不符，均可以排除。
What does the textbook industry need to do?
第三段倒数第二句指出，教科书产业的重组很可能势在必行。也就是说教科书产业需要进行结构改革，故本题选A。reform its structures 同义替换原文中的 restructuring of the textbook industry。选项B 、 C和D 的内容原文都没有提及，均可以排除。
What are students expected to do in the learning process?
第四段中间部分指出，从1800年至今，教科书一直通过提出一些问题让学生归纳性地回答，以此来模拟对话，这意味着学生被要求用他们的个人经验来给出一般问题的答案。 由此可见，学生被期待在学习的时候根据个人经验来回答问题，故本题选C。personal experience同义替换原文中的individual experience, 而answer questions同义替换come up with answers。选项A、B 和D的内容原文都没有提及，均可排除。
What do experts say about students using textbooks?
文章最后一段指出，对于一个积极的学习者来说，与教科书建立联系会是一种互动体验，后面又具体解释了学生与教科书如何互动，这与选项B的内容一致，故本题选B。learn in an interactive way与原文engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience是同义替换。选项A 和D 的内容原文没有提到，可以排除。虽然原文提到学习者可以“定制”教科书，但是并不是说他们可以购买定制的版本，而是说在学习的过程中，可以根据自身情况使用教科书。