问答题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}
Read the following text carefully and
then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be
written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
{{U}}By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a
majority or minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common
impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens or
to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.{{/U}}
There are two methods of curing the mischief of factions: the one, by
removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects.
There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by
destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving
to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same
interests.
(47){{U}} It could never be more truly said than of the
first remedy, that it was worse than the disease.{{/U}} (48){{U}} Liberty is to
faction what air is to fire, an ailment without which it instantly expires.
{{/U}}(49){{U}} But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty, which is
essential to political life, because it nourishes faction, than it would be to
wish the annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, because it
imparts to fire its destructive agency.{{/U}}
The second expedient
is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. As long as the reason of man
continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will
be formed. As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his
self-love, his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on
each other; and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach
themselves.
The latent causes of faction are thus shown in the
nature of man; and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of
activity, according to the different circumstances of civil society.
If a faction consists of less than a majority, relief is supplied by the
republican principle, which enables the majority to defeat its sinister views by
regular vote…When a majority is included in a faction, the form of popular
government, on the other hand, enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion or
interest both the public good and the rights of other citizens. (50) {{U}}To
secure the public good and private rights, against the danger of such a faction,
and at the same time to preserve the spirit and the form of popular government,
is the great object to which our inquiries are directed…{{/U}}
【正确答案】
【答案解析】我对宗派小集团的理解是，若干公民不管是多数还是少数，在一起受共同情感或利益的激励，反对其他公民的权利，或者反对其周围社会的永久的共同的利益。
[结构分析]
句子的框架是By a faction，I understand a number of citizens，whether…or…，who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion，or of interest，adverse to…or to…。宾语citizens后跟了whether…or…插入成分，还跟有一个定语从句who are…；adverse to…or to…应跟在who are后面，与united and actuated by some common impulse of passion并列；by a faction可译为“说到宗教小集团”，amounting to…现在分词修饰citizens，译为“数目达到”，be adverse to 形容词短语，译为“反对”。
【正确答案】
【答案解析】但是废除自由比要消灭空气的举动还要愚蠢，因为自由是政治生活中必不可少的，同时自由也养育着宗派；而空气又是生活中必不可少的，与此同时它又使火具备毁灭的力量。
[结构分析]
句子的框架是Bur it could not be less folly to abolish liberty，which is…，because it nourishes faction，than it would be to wish the annihilation of air，which…，because it imparts to fire its destructive agency。than…air跟在liberty之后，构成一个比较句，liberty后跟有一个定语从句，从句后又包含一个原因状语从句，用来解释定语从句；比较句中比较词than前后都是一个句子，并且都以it作形式宾语，不定式作真正主语；than后面的句子所跟的句子结构与than前面的句子相吻合，同样足定语从句修饰air，原因状语从句解释定语从句；所以结构上可谓是对称。翻译是将比较句先翻，然后再顺序翻译；not be less folly即为be more folly；it imparts to fire its destructive agency即为it imparts its destructive agency to fire，翻译为“空气赋予火以毁灭的力量”。
【正确答案】
【答案解析】确保公众利益和私人权利免遭这种宗派小集团的威胁，同时保护这种精神和维护公众的政府体制足我们探索研究的伟大目的。
[结构分析]
句子的框架是To secure the public good and private rights…，and…to preserve the spirit and the form of popular government，is the great object to which our inquiries are directed…。and连接两个不定式短语作全句的主语，表语核心词object后跟定语从句；介词against译为“免遭”，介词动词化翻译，定语从句中are directed to可译为“面向，指向”。