单选题
Science and its practical applications in the form
of technology, or the "science" of the industrial arts, as Webster defines the
term, have had an enormous impact on modem society and culture. For generations
it was believed that science and technology would provide the solutions to the
problem of human suffering disease, famine, war, and poverty. But today these
problems remain; in fact, many argue that they are expanding. Some even conclude
that science and technology as presently constituted are not capable of meeting
the collective needs of mankind. A more radical position is that modem
scientific methods and institutions, because of their very nature and structure,
thwart basic human needs and emotions; the catastrophes of today's world, and
the greatest threat to its future, some claim, are the direct consequences of
science and technology. A major paradox has been created:
scientific rationality taken as the supreme form of the application of the
rational faculties of human beings and which, along with its practical
applications in the form of technological development, have liberated man from
ignorance, from the whims and oppressions of a relentless nature and while
having subordinated the earth to man, has become the potential instrument of the
self-destruction of the human species. War, pollution, and economic oppression
are seen as the inevitable results of scientific advance by large sections of
the public. The atomic disaster of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings are seen
as the products of an uninterested scientific rationality. In
recent decades in the West there has emerged a wave of anti-scientific,
antirational moods, especially among the young people, which threatens a
complete rejection not simply of the technological fruits of science, but of
scientific rationalism as well, in favor of one or another version of mysticism,
irrationalism, and primitivism-or as one philosopher of science has called it,
of blood and soil philosophy. Wartovsky has described the argument of the
anti-science people as one in which we are warned to "listen to the blood, get
back to our roots, and cast out the evil demons of a blind and inhuman
rationality, and thereby we will save ourselves". The only "reasonable thing" to
do, according to the oppositionist, is to reject reason itself-at least in its
scientific form. The very rejection of that reason, in "reasonable" terms, is in
itself a paradox.
单选题
According to Paragraph 1, science and technology hindered humans' needs
and emotions in that
A. science and technology are not capable of meeting all human needs.
B. the problems of human sufferings still remain today.
C. the nature and the structure of modern science is inappropriate.
D. science and technology cause many catastrophes and pose a great threat to
future.
单选题
For the anti-science people, the results of the scientific development
has been caused by
A. an increase in human problems.
B. the atomic disaster.
C. natural and economic oppression.
D. the scientific rationalism.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】推理判断题。与题干中的anti-science有关的信息可在原文第三段找到，the results of the scientific development则是第二段倒数第二句results of scientific advance的同义替换，可以猜测可能需要结合这两段某些句子解题。第三段提到西方反科学主义的主要观点，即不仅是简单地拒绝科技成果，更是拒绝科学理性。而第二段最后两句提到，在广岛和长崎投下的原子弹被视为科学理性的无情产品。结合以上两方面可知，反科学主义认为，科学理性是造成这些结果的原因，故选D。A、B项和C项是科技进步所带来的结果而非原因。
单选题
Which of the following is true of the anti-science people?
A. They argue about that famine, war, and poverty are increasing.
B. They are still not too disillusioned on human situations.
C. They do not believe anything at all.
D. They are most eager to reject scientific application.