翻译题
Fish are slippery characters, with little regard for international agreements or borders. The speediest can slice through the ocean at 70 kilometers per hour. 【F1】Their routes take them beyond areas that come under the administration of individual coastal states, and into the high sea. These wildernesses were once a shelter for migratory species. No longer. Under international law the high seas, which span 64% of the surface of the ocean, are defined as "the common heritage of mankind". This definition might have provided enough protection if the high seas were still beyond mankind's reach. But the arrival of better trawlers and mapping capabilities over the past six decades has marked the beginning of a fishing free-for-all. 【F2】Deprived of a chance to build themselves up again, stocks everywhere pay the price: almost 90% are fished either to sustainable limits or beyond. Introducing private property rights is the classic answer to this "tragedy of the commons". That is the principle behind the exclusive rights given to coastal states to maintain territorial waters. Several regional organizations have been set up to try to manage fish stocks in the high seas. But as a result of overlapping areas of responsibility, vested interests and insufficient data, the damage continues quickly. A fresh approach is needed. Cutting fishing subsidies is the most urgent step. In total these come to $30 billion a year, 70% of which are doled out by richer countries. By reducing fuel costs, subsidies bring the high seas within reach for a few lucky trawlers, largely from the developed world. 【F3】Just ten countries, including America, France, and Spain, received the bulk of the bounty from high-seas catches between 2000 and 2010, even though Africa has more fishermen than Europe and the Americas combined. That is unfair and short-sighted. The next step is to close off more areas to fishing. As of two years ago less than 1% of the high seas enjoyed a degree of legal protection. 【F4】A review of 144 studies suggests that to preserve and restore ecosystem, 30% of the oceans should be designated as "marine protected areas". Individual countries can play their part, by creating reserves within territorial waters. But to get anywhere near that 30% share, mechanisms must be found to close off bits of the high seas, too. 【F5】Progress towards even these limited goals, let alone more ambitious ones such as a total ban on high-seas fishing, will not be easy; the fishing industry is adept at protecting its interests. So in parallel with efforts to protect wild stocks, another push is needed: to encourage, the development of the controlled fanning of fish.
问答题1.【F1】
【正确答案】它们的路线超出各个沿海国家的管辖区域，进而进入公海。
【答案解析】①本句是一个主从复合句，包含一个定语从句。主句部分，包含两个并列的宾语补足语，分别是beyond areas和into the high sea，意为“超过出区域”和“进入公海”。②that引导的定语从句修饰先行词areas，说明areas具体指什么区域。另外，of individual coastal states作the administration的后置定语，修饰the administration，解释说明这是各个沿海国家的管辖区域。
【答案解析】①本句是一个复合句，包含一个同位语从句。②过去分词短语Deprived of a chance to build themselves up again充当状语，该状语的逻辑主语是句子的主语stocks，Deprived与stocks存在被动关系，意为“鱼群被剥夺……”。③冒号后面的句子为同位语从句，补充说明price，解释鱼群付出了何等代价。同位语从句中，完整的主语应是90％ of the stocks，这里省略了部分主语of the stocks。句末包含either…or…结构，意为“或是……或是……”。
【答案解析】①本句为主从复合句。第一个逗号之后的成分including America，France，and Spain可视为插入语，举例说明ten countries包括的国家。②主句中the bulk of为量词，意为“大部分的”。bounty字面义为“奖金；收成；丰富”，结合此句语境，这里意为“在公海捕鱼的收成”。③even though引导让步状语从句，包含比较级结构more fishermen than…combined，把非洲的渔民数量与欧美总和作比较。分词combined作后置定语修饰Europe and the Americas，意为“把欧洲的和美洲的加起来”。
问答题4.【F4】
【正确答案】回顾144项研究报告，为了保护和恢复生态系统，30％的海洋应该被定为“海洋保护区”。
【答案解析】①本句为主从复合句，包含一个宾语从句。②谓语动词suggests后跟有that引导的宾语从句。不定式短语to preserve and restore ecosystem充当从句的目的状语，说明30％的海洋应该被定为“海洋保护区”的目的是“保护和恢复生态系统”。谓语动词搭配be designated as sth．意为“把……定名为”，其后双引号的内容为定名的具体内容。
【答案解析】①本句是由分号连接的两个简单句。②分句1的主干为Progress will not be easy，Progress后面的介词短语towards even these limited goals为后置定语，修饰Progress。第一个逗号之后的部分let alone more ambitious…high-seas fishing为插入语，该插入语中含有一个比较级more ambitious ones，其中ones指代的是上文的goals，其后的such as…是举例说明more ambitious ones包含的内容。③分句2中adept意为“熟练的，擅长的”，此处is adept at意为“擅长……”。