单选题 "Britain’sbestexport,"IwastoldbytheheadoftheDepartmentofImmigrationinCanberra,"ispeople."Closeon100,000peoplehaveappliedforassistedpassagesinthefirstfivemonthsofthatyear,andhalfoftheseareeventuallyexpectedtomigratetoAustralia.(2)TheAustraliansaredelighted.TheyarekeenlyawarethatwithoutastrongflowofimmigrantsintotheworkforcethedevelopmentoftheAustralianeconomyisunlikelytoproceedattheambitiouspacecurrentlyenvisaged.Thenewmineraldiscoveriespromiseasplendidfuture,andtheinjectionofhugeamountsofAmericanandBritishcapitalshouldhelptoensurethattheyareproperlyexploited,butwithunemploymentinAustraliadowntolessthan1.3percent,thegovernmentisunderstandablyanxioustoattractmoreskilledlabor.(3)AustraliaisroughlythesamesizeasthecontinentalUnitedStates,buthasonlytwelvemillioninhabitants.Migrationhasaccountedforhalfthepopulationincreaseinthelastfouryears,andhascontributedgreatlytothecountry’simpressiveeconomicdevelopment.Britainhasalwaysbeentheprincipalsource—ninetypercentofAustraliansareofBritishdescent,andBritainhasprovidedonemillionmigrantssincetheSecondWorldWar.(4)Australiahasalsogivengreatattentiontorecruitingpeopleelsewhere.Australiansdecidedtheyhadanexcellentpotentialsourceofapplicantsamongtheso-called"guestworkers"whohavecrossedtheirownfrontierstoworkinotherpartsofEurope.Therewereestimatedtobemorethanfourmillionofthem,andalargenumberwereofferedsubsidizedpassagesandguaranteedjobsinAustralia.Italyhasforsomeyearsbeenthesecondbiggestsourceofmigrants,andtheAustralianshavealsomanagedtoattractalargenumberofGreeksandGermans.(5)Onedrawbackwiththem,sofarastheAustraliansareconcerned,isthatintegrationtendstobemoredifficult.UnliketheBritish,continentalmigrantshavetostrugglewithanunfamiliarlanguageandnewcustoms.ManynaturallygravitatetowardstheItalianorGreekcommunitieswhichhavegrownupincitiessuchasSydneyandMelbourne.Thesecolonieshavetheirownnewspapers,theirownshops,andtheirownclubs.TheirinhabitantsarenotAustralians,butEuropeans.(6)Thegovernment’savowedaim,however,istomaintain"asubstantiallyhomogeneoussocietyintowhichnewcomers,fromwhateversources,willmergethemselves".Byandlarge,therefore,AustraliastillprefersBritishmigrants,andtendstoberatherlessselectiveintheircasethanitiswithothers.(7)Afarbiggercauseofconcernthanthegrowthofnationalgroups,however,istheincreasingnumberofmigrantswhoreturntotheircountriesoforigin.Onereasonisthatpeoplenowadaystendtobemoremobile,andthatitiseasierthaninthepasttosavethereturnfare,buteconomicconditionsalsohavesomethingtodowithit.Aslowerrateofgrowthinvariablyproducesdiscontent—andifthiscoincideswithgreaterprosperityinEurope,alotofpeopletendtofeelthatperhapstheywerewrongtocomehereafterall.(8)Severalsurveyshavebeenconductedrecentlyintothereasonswhypeoplegohome.Onenotedthat"flies,dirt,andoutsidelavatories"wereonthelistofcomplaintsfromBritishimmigrants,andaddedthatmanypeoplealsocomplainedabout"thecrudity,badmanners,andunfriendlinessoftheAustralians".Anothersurveygaveclimateconditions,homesickness,and"thestarkappearanceoftheAustraliancountryside"asthemainreasonsforleaving.(9)MostBritishmigrantsmisscouncilhousing,theNationalHealthscheme,andtheirrelativesandformerneighbors.Lonelinessisabigfactor,especiallyamonghousewives.Themensoonmakenewfriendsatwork,butwivestendtofinditmuchhardertogetusedtoadifferentwayoflife.Manyarehouseboundbecauseofinadequatepublictransportinmostoutlyingsuburbs,andregularcorrespondencewiththeiroldfriendsathomeonlyservestoincreasetheirdiscontent.Onehousewifewasquotedrecentlyassaying:"IevenfindImissthepeopleIusedtohateathome."(10)Rentsarehigh,andtherearelongwaitinglistsforHousingCommissionhomes.Sicknesscanbeanexpensivebusinessandtheclimatecanbeunexpectedlyrough.ThegapbetweenAustralianandBritishwagepacketsisnolongerbig,andpeoplearegenerallyexpectedtoworkharderherethantheydoathome.Professionalmenoverfortyoftenhavedifficultyinfindingadecentjob.Aboveall,perhaps,skilledimmigrantsoftenfindaconsiderablereluctancetoaccepttheirqualifications.(11)AccordingtothejournalAustralianManufacturer,theattitudeofmanyemployersandfellowworkersisanythingbutfriendly."WeAustralians,"itstatedinarecentissue,"arejusttoofondofpaintingtherosypictureofthebig,warm-heartedAussie.Asamatteroffact,wearesobusyblowingourowntrumpetsthatwehavenotgottimetobewarm-heartedandconsiderate.Godown’heart-breakalley’amongsomeofthemigrantsandfindoutjusthowexpansivetheAussieistohisimmigrants."问：Whichofthefollowingwordsisusedliterally,notmetaphorically?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】修辞格题。根据题干提示可分别定位至相关词语的所在段落。flow本意是指“液体等的流动”，而文中a strong flow of immigrants显然是指大批移民前往同一个方向，就像水流一样，使用的是比喻义；injection的原意是“注射；投人；血管充血”，在原文the injection of huge amounts of American and British capital中借指资金的注入如同液体注射一样，因此使用的也是比喻义；gravitate本意为“受重力的吸引；因受引力作用而移动”，在原文“Many naturally gravitate towards the Italian or Greek communities…”中指“受到吸引而前往”，故也不是使用字面意义。综上所述，可以排除选项[A]、[B]和[C]。只有selective在rather less selective in their case中使用的是字面含义“仔细挑选的”，故[D]为答案。