单选题 Although speech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans, the interchange also takes place in many other ways. A person may relay his or her feelings, thoughts, and reactions through body positioning, body contact, body odors, eye contact, responsive actions, habits, attitudes, interests, state of health, dress and grooming, choice of life-style, and use of talents — in fact, through everything the individual says or does. In turn, every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five senses and personal biorhythm system. An individual screens, selects, regulates, and controls specific aspects of this information through a process of mental choices. Some of these choices are automatic; some are subconscious because of habit, block, or lack of development; and some are made by a conscious process. The degree to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awareness, priority of need, and control of this process. The person with a behavior disorder is shut off from the communicative flow that normally exists among humans. His or her mind is confused, and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts, needs, and emotions, and unable to make himself or herself understood. Sometimes the person may feel that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand. Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems, he or she is interested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others. The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others, so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay, the messages received are threatening ones. The causes of such communicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the person's processing of information. Sometimes a block is physical, as in deafness, mental retardation, brain tumor, or hardening of the cerebral arteries. However, the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a person's emotional system. Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings. They usually occur in childhood before good communicative skills are learned, and they are connected to individual symbolism. Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening, it can have profound and complicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual. Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways, he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to communicate.
单选题 The concluding phrase of the first paragraph implies that human communication______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析:细节题。参见第一段,说和写是人类交际的特别手段,即语言手段。人类交际还有其他手段例如身体位置,行为,气味、眼睛交流等等非言语手段。故选D。
单选题 In the second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析:细节题。第二段讲了人类通过感官和个人生物节奏体系来接受外部和内部信息,这一过程有些是有意识的,有些是无意识的,但都是心理处理过程。故选C。
单选题 Shut off from the communicative flow, the person with a behavior disorder______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】解析:细节题。用“行为紊乱”回到原文定位到第三段。参见第三段第四句。行为紊乱的人头脑混乱,不能表达个人感情和需要,不为人所理解。这些人受内部问题困扰。故选B。
单选题 Which of the following is universal according to the passage?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析:细节题。参见第五段第一句,情感困扰在某种程度上发生在所有人身上。故选D。
单选题 The passage ends with______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析:细节题。参见最后一段。本文结束时讲到了消除早期情感困扰的意义。故选C。