| The problem to be taken up and the
point at which the search for a solution will begin are customarily prescribed
by the investigator{{U}} (1) {{/U}}a subject participating in an{{U}}
(2) {{/U}}on thinking (or by the programmer for a computer).{{U}}
(3) {{/U}}, prevailing techniques of{{U}} (4) {{/U}}in the
psychology of thinking have invited{{U}} (5) {{/U}}of the motivational
aspects of thinking. The conditions that determine when the person will
begin to think in{{U}} (6) {{/U}}to some other activity, what he will
think about, what direction his thinking will take, and when he will regard his
search for a solution as successfully terminated (or abandon it as not worth
pursuing further){{U}} (7) {{/U}}are beginning to attract
investigation.{{U}} (8) {{/U}}much thinking is aimed at{{U}} (9)
{{/U}}ends, special motivational problems are raised by "disinterested"
thinking, in which the{{U}} (10) {{/U}}of an answer to a question is a
source of satisfaction in itself. For computer specialists, the detection of a mismatch between the formula that the program so far has{{U}} (11) {{/U}}and some formula or set of requirements that{{U}} (12) {{/U}}a solution is what impels continuation of the search and determines the direction it will{{U}} (13) {{/U}}. Neo-behaviorists (like psychoanalysts) have made much of secondary{{U}} (14) {{/U}}value and stimulus generalization; i. e., the tendency of a stimulus pattern to become a source of satisfaction if it resembles or has{{U}} (15) {{/U}}accompanied some form of biological gratification. The insufficiency of this kind of explanation becomes apparent,{{U}} (16) {{/U}}, when the importance of novelty, surprise, complexity, incongruity, ambiguity, and{{U}} (17) {{/U}}is considered. Inconsistency between beliefs, between items of incoming sensory information, or between one's belief and an item of sensory information{{U}} (18) {{/U}}can be a source of discomfort impelling a{{U}} (19) {{/U}}for resolution through reorganization of belief{{U}} (20) {{/U}}or through selective acquisition of new information. |