单选题 Time and time again, one may be warned, "Your name will be mud." Many have used the expression in the mistaken belief that it has something to do with the kind of dirt found in the streets or on unclear river bottoms. But the expression comes from the name of Doctor Samuel Alexander Mudd, a {{U}}physician{{/U}} who fixed the broken leg of John Wilkes Booth, the man who killed President Abraham Lincoln.
On the night of April 14, 1865, Lincoln was watching a play in a Washington theatre. John Wilkes Booth shot him in the back of the head. Then he jumped to the stage a few meters below, breaking a bone in his leg. He needed a doctor to treat his injury. Booth finally reached the home of Doctor Mudd. The doctor treated Booth's injured leg without knowing who he was. Doctor Mudd had nothing to do with Lincoln's murder. All the evidence (证据) seems to show that he was an innocent (清白的) man. But he had given aid to the man who shot Lincoln. This in itself was a crime (犯罪) then. And so, Mudd was sentenced to life imprisonment.
In jail, Doctor Mudd saved many prisoners and guards in a yellow fever outbreak. President Andrew Johnson pardoned him in 1869, after the doctor had spent almost four years in prison. Doctor Mudd was freed, but people never forgave him. His name passed into American folk speech as something bad, hateful.
The Mudd family also suffered because of the name. No one knows how many descendants (后代) changed their name because of the trouble it brought them.

单选题 The underlined word "physician" (line 4, para.1) means ______.

A. teacher
B. physicist
C. health trainer
D. doctor

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 语义题。题干意为“第一段第四行中physician是什么意思?”从文章第一段最后一句话“...from the name of Doctor Samuel Alexander Mudd, a physician who fixed the broken leg of John Wilkes Booth, ...”可知，同位语中的“a physician”指的就是“Doctor Samuel Alexander Mudd”，由此我们知道本题的正确答案为D。

单选题 Doctor Samuel Alexander Mudd was put in prison because ______.

A. he had helped Booth murder Lincoln
B. the American people loved Abraham Lincoln deeply
C. he had broken the American law
D. he hadn't reported the fact to the American government

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。题干意为“Mudd为什么被判入狱?”从文章第二段倒数第二句“This in itself was a crime then.”可知，本题的正确答案为C。

单选题 If it had not been for President Andrew Johnson, Doctor Mudd ______.

A. would have spent the rest of his life in prison
B. would have been sentenced to five years' prison life
C. would have been sentenced to death
D. would suffer a lot from the name

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。题干意为“要不是约翰逊总统，Mudd会怎样?”从文章第二段最后一句话“And so, Mudd was sentenced to life imprisonment.”和第三段第二句话“President Andrew Johnson pardoned him in 1869...”可知，Mudd已被判处终身监禁，是约翰逊总统赦免了他。所以本题的正确答案为A。

单选题 From the passage it can be inferred that ______.

A. Doctor Mudd has recently been set free by the U.S. government
B. a person named Philip Mudd was unlikely to be popular in the U.S.
C. Doctor Mudd would never save a stranger in the rest of his life
D. Doctor Mudd's innocence was declared

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 推断题。题干意为“从文章中可以推断出什么?”从文章最后一句话“No one knows how many descendants changed their name because of the trouble it brought them.”可以推知，Mudd这个姓在美国不受欢迎。所以本题的正确答案为B。