单选题. The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become. But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair? One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers? Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge. About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph, Microsoft's 'chatbot' took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages. AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem. Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and "just better human beings."1. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory? ______
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】 阿尔法围棋(AlphaGo)程序的胜利就是智能计算机已发展得多么智能化的一个例子。 但人工智能(AI)机器的行为能否符合伦理道德?也就是说，它们能否做到诚实与公平? 无人驾驶汽车就是人工智能的一个例子。它们已经行驶在加利福尼亚州的公路上了，因此现在问我们能否利用编程让机器的行为符合伦理道德不能说为时过早了。随着无人驾驶汽车的发展，它们可以挽救生命。它们比人类司机更少犯错。然而，有时它们也将面临在生命之间做出选择。是否应编程设定汽车避开横穿马路的孩子，即使这会危及车上的乘客?为避免撞到狗而急转弯又会怎么样呢?如果唯一的风险是汽车本身而非乘客，又会发生什么? 或许我们可以从无人驾驶汽车中吸取教训，但是它们还不是超智能的生物。教一台可能比我们还要聪明的机器伦理道德将会是一项更艰巨的挑战。 大约在阿尔法围棋取得胜利的同时，微软的“聊天机器人”则往坏的方向发展。这个名叫“泰勒”的软件被设计用于回复18-24岁人群的消息。泰勒本该能从她收到的信息中进行学习。她的会话能力被设置成能逐步提高的，然而有些人却教给泰勒种族主义思想。当她开始颂扬希特勒时，微软关停了她，删掉了她那些最丑恶的消息。 阿尔法围棋的胜利和泰勒的失败几乎同时发生。这应是对我们发出的警告。在具有明确规则和目标的游戏中使用人工智能是一回事；但在现实世界中使用人工智能则完全是另一回事了。现实世界的不可预知性可能会引发令人不安的软件问题。 埃里克?施密特(Eric Schmidt)是“阿尔法围棋”的拥有者，也是谷歌的老板之一。他认为人工智能对人类有益。他称无论结果如何，人类都是赢家。人工智能的进步将使人类更聪明、更有能力，从而变成“更好的人类”。 根据题干中的the example of AlphaGo's victory定位到第1段。 题目询问作者想通过阿尔法围棋胜利的例子说明什么。文章首段提到，阿尔法围棋的胜利就是计算机已发展得多么智能化的一个例子(how smart computer have become)，故选D“计算机可以变得极其聪明”，该项中的intelligent与原文的smart相呼应。 A“计算机将战胜人类”中的prevail over、B“计算机拥有无可匹敌的潜能”中的unmatched potential和C“计算机是人类潜在的竞争对手”中的potential rivals均在原文中找不到相关表述，全部排除。