Thirty-five years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for exchanging data over networks, what would ultimately become the Internet remains a work in progress.
University researchers are experimenting with ways to increase its capacity and speed. Programmers are trying to imbue Web pages with intelligence. And work is underway to re-engineer the net-work to reduce spam and security troubles.
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All the while threats loom: critics ware that commercial, legal and political pressures could hinder the types of innovations that made the Internet what it is today.
Stephen Crocker and Vinton Cerf were among the graduate students who joined UCLA professor Len Kleinrock in an engineering lab on Sept. 2, 1969, as bits of meaningless test data flowed silently between the two computers. By January, three other "nodes" joined the fledgling network.
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Then came e-mail a few years later, a core communications agreement called TCP/IP in the late 70s, the domain name system in the 80s and the World Wide Web—now the second most popular application behind e-mail—in 1990.
The Internet expanded beyond its initial military and educational domain into businesses and homes around the world.
Today, Crocker continues work on the Internet, designing better tools for collaboration. (48)
And as security chairman for the Internet"s key oversight body, he is trying to defend the core addressing system from outside threats.
He acknowledges the Internet he helped build is far from finished, and changes are in store to meet growing demands for multimedia. (49)
Network providers now make only "best efforts" at delivering data packets, and Crocker said better guarantees are needed to prevent the skips and unexpected pauses now common with video.
Cerf, now at MCI Inc., said he wished he could have designed the Internet with security built-in. Microsoft Corp., Yahoo Inc. and America Online Inc., among others, are currently trying to retrofit the network so e-mail senders can be authenticated—a way to cut clown on junk messages sent using spoofed addresses.
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Many features being developed today wouldn"t have been possible at birth given the slower computing speeds and narrower Internet pipes, or bandwidth, Cerf said.
【答案解析】解析：本句是复合句，冒号后的部分与前面部分是同位关系，是对前部分threats loom的解释。句子主干结构是：critics warn that…。commercial，legal and political pressures…what it is today是宾语从句，其中 that made the Internet what it is today是定语从句，修饰先行词innovations，what it is today是宾语补足语。本句翻译时也应采取分译法，将定语从句与其修饰的先行词断开翻译，只需将名词部分重复即可。句中 what it is today直译为"今天这个样子"，翻译时应与前面部分一起翻译成"促使因特网发展到今天"。
【答案解析】解析：本句是简单句，全句采用倒装结构，句子主语是e-mail，the domain name system and the World Wide Web；谓语动词是came。句中a core communication protocol called TCP/IP是e-mail的同位语；now the second most popular application behind e-mail是the World Wide Web的同位成分。翻译时应注意句子倒装及两个同位语的译法。因为主语比较长，在翻译时应各个部分断开翻译，将谓语添加进去，成为完整的句子。因为三个主语的谓语都是came，因此可以考虑选择不同的译法，如句中的"出现、问世"。application原意为"应用"，这里与计算机相关，应引申为"应用程序，应用工具"。
【正确答案】正确答案：作为因特网主要监督机构的安全主席，他正在尝试保护核心地址系统不受外界威胁。
【答案解析】解析：本句为简单句，为主谓结构he is trying…；不定式短语to defend the core addressing system from outside threats是目的状语；介词短语as security chairman for the Internet"s key oversight body是全句状语。本句结构简单，句子不长，直接翻译即可。句中oversight意为"监督"，这里oversight body指"监督机构"。
【答案解析】解析：本句为复合句，句子主干结构是Network providers make best efforts and Crocker said…，句中better guarantees are needed to prevent the skips and stutters now common with video是said的宾语从句。翻译时，应注意词义的引申，unexpected pauses原意为"意外暂停"，这里是指视频技术中出现的问题，因此需引申为"不连贯"。从本句及上下文可以判断出此处的skips and unexpected pauses是指视频中播放画面的问题，因此翻译时将句意添加完整，添入"播放画面"，这样句意更加通顺。此外句中的guarantees显然也是指技术方面的保证，故将其完整译出。best efforts字面意思是"最好的努力"，意译成"最大的努力"符合中文表达习惯。
【答案解析】解析：本句是简单句，句子为主系表结构：Many features wouldn"t have been possible。分词短语being developed today作定语，修饰features；介词短语given the slower computing speeds and narrower Internet pipes，or bandwidth作句子状语；given此处为介词，意为"考虑到"，这里按照句子各部分逻辑关系以因果关系译出即可。the slower computing speeds和narrower Internet pipes是名词短语，因为要断句翻译，因此需进行词性转换，译成动宾结构：计算机处理速度较慢，带宽较窄。at birth原意为"在出生时"，但按照原意翻出，语句不通顺，句中因为前面提到了因特网刚出现时，因此将at birth译成"当时"既忠实原文，又表达流畅。