翻译题
Until the start of the 20th century, the rules of courtship were fairly straightforward. Male suitors called on eligible women under the watchful eyes of concerned adults. Keen chaps visited regularly and with the intent to marry. It was a dance to which everyone knew the steps. Modern pursuers are not so lucky. 【F1】Whether you are hoping for a relationship or just casual sex, dating "often feels like the worst, most unsecure form of contemporary labour: an unpaid internship," writes Moira Weigel in "Labour of Love", an occasionally amusing and often agitating look at the work of courting. The rules of love, Ms. Weigel argues, are shaped by economics. 【F2】The concept of "dating" only came about at the dawn of the industrial age, when new opportunities lured young people to cities. Working women were soon exposed to an array of potential mates, but many lived in boarding houses that were unfit for hosting callers. So men offered to escort romantic prospects to restaurants or dance halls. 【F3】Soon as these practices spread among the working classes, saloons and amusement parks sprang up to earn their business. By the mid-1910s even the middle classes considered "dating" a legitimate way to court. Shifting demographics also played a role. Falling birth-rates allowed parents to dote on fewer children, who were increasingly likely to go to school. Young people began mixing in new ways. Cars granted young lovers unprecedented privacy. The mating marketplace has spurred countless businesses. In the 1920s even respectable ladies began painting their faces, and the cosmetics industry exploded. As late as the 1960s most drinking establishments barred unaccompanied women, leading one enterprising New Yorker to open a place called T.G.I. Friday's, and the "singles bar" was born. 【F4】The videotape dating services used by time-poor yuppies (雅皮士) in the 1980s set the stage for the boom in high-tech mate-shopping by the turn of the 21st century. In this lively tour of changing romantic mores, Ms. Weigel occasionally goes off-course. She tends to bury thinly argued points beneath grand statements, and she reserves most of her sympathy for women. But she is right to note that modem courtship is full of mixed messages. Women who are pushed to "lean in" at work are often told to pull back to appeal to men. Men who may answer to women at the office are encouraged to seem unbeatable after hours, and pay for the plea-sure, too. 【F5】Ms.Weigel argues that this arrangement sustains the fiction that men are still in control of courtship—and may also explain why, in these uncertain economic times, the labour of love is so terribly confusing.
【答案解析】①本句是复合句。句子包含让步状语从句，带有插入语和同位语，但实际上主句是简单的主谓宾结构，即dating feels like the form，后面的冒号引出一个例子，作补充说明dating就像“无薪实习”一样(an unpaid internship)，后面带有一个插入语writes…in “Labour of Love”，说明前句是出自哪里。②句首是由whether…or…引导的让步状语从句，说明不管是“想谈恋爱”(hoping for a relationship)还是“滥交”(casual sex)，都存在后面主句表达的情况。③句末的an…look at the work of courting是其前面提及的书“Labour of Love”的同位语，对这本书进行补充说明，表示这本书在求爱行为方面是怎样表达的。
问答题12.【F2】
【正确答案】“约会”这一概念直到工业时代初期才形成，那时有很多新机会吸引着年轻人去往城市。
【答案解析】①本句是复合句。主句是The concept of．．．the industrial age，时间状语at the dawn of sth．意思是“……的开端”。主句中的dating用了双引号引出，强调这是一个特定的概念。谓语词组came about相当于happened，即是“发生”的意思。②when引导的非限制性定语从句修饰the industrial age，说明工业时代下的情况如何。从句为主谓宾结构，包含lure sb．to sth．结构，意思是”吸引某人到哪里”，不定式tocites作宾语补足语，说明年轻人被吸引到何处。
问答题13.【F3】
【正确答案】很快，约会便在工人阶级中流行起来，酒吧和游乐场也纷纷开张来做这笔生意。
【答案解析】①本句是复合句，主句是简单的主谓结构，带有一个as引导的原因状语从句。主句的谓语是sprang up，主句末尾的不定式结构to earn their business作目的状语修饰谓语sprang up，说明酒吧和游乐场纷纷发展起来的目的。②as引导的原因状语从句说明酒吧和游乐场(saloons and amusement parks)开张做这笔生意的原因，主语these practices指代上文提到的约会活动，among the working classes是地点状语，说明这些活动流行的群体是工人阶级。
【答案解析】①本句是一个简单句，句子的主干为The videotape dating services set the stage，句子结构为简单的主谓宾结构。②主语后的过去分词短语used by time-poor yuppies修饰主语The videotape dating services，前者和主语是动宾关系；时间状语in the 1980s修饰yuppies，说明雅皮士使用该服务的时间。③句末的两个介词短语in high-tech mate-shopping和by the turn of the 21st century都是修饰前面的boom，前者说明“在高科技婚配交友市场这一方面的繁荣”，后者说明繁荣的时期是在二十一世纪。
【答案解析】①本句是包含多个从句的复合句，有两层句子关系。第一层句子的主干是“主语+谓语+宾语从句”；第二层是宾语从句又包含了一个同位语从句和一个宾语从句。②句子主干Ms．Weigel argues that…，其中that引导的从句作argues的宾语，说明魏盖尔女士争论的观点。③第二个that引导的同位语从句解释说明the fiction的内容，即人们对求爱的误解。句末why引导的宾语从句解释说明the labour of love is so terribly confusing“追求爱情常令人感到十分困惑”的原因。