问答题 Well before his death, Peter Drucker had already become a legend. Over his 95 prolific years, he had been a true Renaissance man, and teacher of religion, philosophy and political science. But his most important contribution, clearly, is in business. What John Keynes is to economics, Druckers is to management.
In the 1980s Peter Druckers began to have grave doubts about business and even capitalism itself. He no longer saw the corporation as the ideal space to create community. In fact, he saw nearly the opposite: a place where self-interest had triumphed over the egalitarian principles he long championed. In both his writings and speeches, Druckers emerged as one of Corporate America's most important critics. When conglomerates were the rage, he preached against reckless mergers and acquisitions. When executives were engaged in empire-building, he argued against excess staff and the inefficiencies of numerous "assistants to".
In a 1984 essay he persuasively argued that CEO pay had rocketed out of control and implored boards to hold CEO compensation to no more than 20 times what the rank and file made. He maintained that multi-million-dollar severance packages had perverted management's ability to look out anything but itself. What particularly enraged him was the tendency of corporate managers to reap massive earnings while firing thousands of their workers. "This is morally and socially unforgivable," wrote Druckers, "and we will pay a heavy price for it./

【正确答案】彼得·德鲁克在世时就已成为传奇人物。他以95岁高龄辞世，一生著作颇丰，涉略广泛，在宗教、哲学以及政治学等领域都堪为人师。然而他最重要的成就无疑还是在商业领域。德鲁克对管理学贡献巨大，其价值正如约翰·凯恩斯之于经济学。

【答案解析】[解析] 英语明喻的表现形式有多种，as/what C is to/does for D，A is to/does for B是其中之一，as和what在这里作连词用，意为“恰似”，“好比”，“正如……一样”等。to是介词，表示对于”的意思，整个结构可译为：A对于B好像C对于D一样。其中AB是主体，CD是喻体，突出两者作出的贡献、努力等几乎相当。又如：
What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul.教育之于心灵，犹如雕刻之于大理石。
The pen is to a writer, what the gun is to a fighter.作家手中的笔犹如战士手中的枪。
What fire tries gold, adversity tries virtue.烈火炼真金，逆境磨练人。
Leaves do for plants, what, lungs do for animals.叶子对于植物的作用，正如肺对动物的作用。

问答题 In the 1980s Peter Druckers began to have grave doubts about business and even capitalism itself. He no longer saw the corporation as the ideal space to create community. In fact, he saw nearly the opposite: a place where self-interest had triumphed over the egalitarian principles he long championed.

【正确答案】20世纪80年代，彼得·德鲁克开始对企业乃至资本主义制度本身产生了深深的怀疑。他不再认为公司是创造和谐氛围的理想场所，事实上，眼前的一切恰恰相反，公司里自私自利泛滥，而他一直倡导的平等原则不再适用。

【答案解析】[解析] 第三句中，where引导的定语从句较长，这里可采用断句法；champion属一词多义，在这里译作“拥护，倡导”。

问答题 In both his writings and speeches, Druckers emerged as one of Corporate America's most important critics. When conglomerates were the rage, he preached against reckless mergers and acquisitions. When executives were engaged in empire-building, he argued against excess staff and the inefficiencies of numerous "assistants to".

【正确答案】无论是在德鲁克的著作还是演讲中，他都旗帜鲜明，成为公司化美国的最重要的批判者之一。适逢大财团纷纷涌现，他不厌其烦地尽数此类疯狂兼并和收购的弊端。当企业经理忙于建造商业帝国之时，他指出冗员过多和机构臃肿会造成效率低下，危害不浅。

【答案解析】[解析] 这三句的句式结构均较清晰．但部分词语的翻译须特别关注。Corporate America可直译为“公司化美国”或转译为“美国的企业界”，be the rage为短语，可译为“风靡一时”，preach原义为“宣讲、布道、说教”，这里与against连用则转为“对……持反对批评意见”。末句的assistants to则是比喻，指企业机构的臃肿庞大。

问答题 In a 1984 essay he persuasively argued that CEO pay had rocketed out of control and implored boards to hold CEO compensation to no more than 20 times what the rank and file made.

【正确答案】1984年，他在一篇文章中振振有词地说明企业首席执行官薪酬飙升，已近失控，并强烈建议各公司的董事会将其首席执行官的报酬控制在普通员工的二十倍以内。

【答案解析】[解析] 成对词(doublets)是英语中最能表现语言特色的一种词组。它由两个同义词或近义词，以及反义词或意义相对的词组成，中间用and连接。上文中的rank and file即是一例，意为“普通士兵”。再如：on and off(断断续续地)，hand and foot(辛勤地)，the long and short(来龙去脉)，give and take(互相让步)，cause and effect(因果)，hit and miss(无目标地)，high and low(高低贵贱)，pros and cons(正反双方的理由)，wax and wane(圆缺)，ups and downs(沉浮)等。

问答题 He maintained that multi-million-dollar severance packages had perverted management's ability to look out anything but itself, What particularly enraged him was the tendency of corporate managers to reap massive earnings while firing thousands of their workers.

【正确答案】他认为，企业高管动辄数百万美元的离职补偿金，使他们本末倒置，只关心个人一己的利益。最使他气愤的是公司经理人一方面自己收入丰厚，另一方面却在大批裁员。

【答案解析】[解析] 主从复合句，由that引导一宾语从句。以句主语severance package意为离职补偿费或遣散费。表示“下岗”的英文表达还有layoff，指由于业务原因暂时中止或永久终止员工；有很多委婉语用于指代“解雇”，如downsize(对……)实行机构精简，workforce reduction(裁员)，simplification(精简)等。

问答题 "This is morally and socially unforgivable," wrote Druckers, "and we will pay a heavy price for it./

【正确答案】德鲁克写道，“无论是在道德层面，还是对于社会而言，这都是无法原谅的，我们会为此付出沉重的代价。”

【答案解析】[解析] 英语中某些以-ly结尾的副词具有表达简练、涵义丰富的特征。它们在句中的位置较灵活，可出现在句首、句中或句末。这些副词出现在句首有时会给句子理解造成困难。翻译时须注意它和句子中其他词语之间的修饰关系。译成汉语时，有比较固定的模式，“就……而言”，“在……方面”，“就……而论”等。翻译此类-ly副词大致有以下四种译法：
1)译成单词或词组。此类副词一般用来修饰谓语动词或谓语结构，汉译时可译成相应的副词或副词短语。
Tentatively it can be suggested that this is the main influence upon those who urge the abolition of capital punishment.人们可以试探性地提出，那些极力主张废除死刑的人，主要是受它的影响。
Naturally after this he couldn't remain in the place.这件事发生之后，他自然不能再待在那个地方了。
2)译成短语。这类副词一般用来限制修饰对象的范围，译成汉语时，有比较固定的模式，“就……而言”，“在……方面”，“就……而论”等。
Traditionally, the IMF has been much more powerful than individual banks in this area.从传统意义上来讲，国际货币组织一向比一家家银行更具有强大的影响力。
Chemically the useful properties of lead are not surpassed or even equaled by those of any common metal.就化学性质而言，没有任何一种普通金属的有用性能能够超过或赶上铅。
Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization.从历史上看，城市生活始终是文明的一个要素。
If is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter.鹿减少生存所需能耗以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学角度来看，这是合情合理的。
3)译成分句。此类-ly副词修饰全句，提出说话者对所讲时间的解释、看法、态度。 Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence.具讽刺意味的是，欧洲把这种兔子作为有害的动物传到了澳大利亚，而自己却得到了这种人为的瘟疫般的疾病。
Characteristically，Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.哈罗德先生不流露自己的感情，他只察颜观色，心领神会，这是他的个性。
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievement.中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这也不足为奇。
4)译成其他词性。翻译此类副词时，可根据汉语习惯，灵活地把它们译成其他词性。
Traditionally, most venture capital firms consisted of small, private limited partnerships utilizing capital furnished by wealthy individuals or corporations.传统的风险资本商行大多是巨贾或法人出资的小型私人有限合作伙伴。(traditionally转换成形容词“传统的”)
As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good and evil.正像人们经常指出的那样，知识是一种具有两面性的武器，既可以用来造福人类，也可以给人类带来危险。(equally转换成连词“既……也”)
They have not done so well ideologically，however, as organizationally.但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。(ideologically和organizationally分别转换成名词短语“思想工作”和“组织工作”)