问答题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate
the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly
on the ANSWER SHEET. Via eye and ear, words
beyond numbering zip into the mind and flash a dizzy variety of meaning into the
mysterious circuits of knowing. {{U}}{{U}} 1 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}A great many of
them bring along not only their meanings but some extra freight—a load of
judgment or bias that plays upon the emotions instead of lighting up the
understanding{{/U}}. These words deserve careful handling-and minding. They are
loaded. The trouble with loaded words is that they tend to
short-circuit thought. While they may describe something, they simultaneously
try to seduce the mind into accepting a prefabricated opinion about the
something described. Every word hauls some basic cargo or else can be shrugged
aside as vacant sound. {{U}}{{U}} 2 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Indeed, almost any word
can, in some use, take on that extra baggage of bias or sentiment that makes for
the truly manipulative word{{/U}}. Actually, it does not take
much special skill to add emotional baggage to a word and almost any noun can be
infused with skepticism and doubt through the use of the word "socalled". Many
other words can be handily tilted by shortening, by prefixes and suffixes, by
the reduction of formal to familiar forms. The use of emotional vocabularies is
not invariably a dubious practice. In the first place, words do not always get
loaded by evil design or even deliberately. In the second, that sort of language
is not exploited only for mischievous ends. {{U}}{{U}} 3 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}The
American principles feature words—liberty, equality— that, on top of their
formal definitions, are verily packed with the sentiments that solidify U.S.
society{{/U}}. The affectionate banalities of friendship and
neighborliness facilitate the human ties that bind and support The moving
vocabularies of patriotism and friendship are also subject to misuse, of course,
but such derelictions are usually easy to recognize as hypocrisy. {{U}}{{U}}
4 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}The abuse and careless use of language have been going on for
a long time, yet the risks of biased words to the easily-fooled must be greater
today, in an epoch of propagandizing amplified by mass
communications{{/U}}. In the two decades, the practice of fraud
has, if anything, increased. {{U}}{{U}} 5 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}The appropriate
response is not a hopeless effort to cleanse the world of seductive words;
simple awareness of how frequently and variously they are loaded reduces the
chances that one will fall out of touch with so-called reality{{/U}}.