【答案解析】Global Climate Change and Infectious Diseases
Climate is one of the most important factors that have an effect on the spread of infectious diseases. Global climate changes will directly and indirectly influence the transmission of many infectious diseases.
Firstly, climate changes will alter the geographic distribution of arthropod, accelerate its reproduction and shorten the extrinsic incubation period of its pathogen, thus affecting the spread of arthropod-borne infectious diseases,such as malaria, snail fever and dengue etc.
Secondly, climate changes may cause a widespread of cholera. Marine phytoplankton can provide habitat for Vibrio cholera. Therefore when marine temperature increases or eutrophicaiton occurs, the chance of a cholera epidemic is extremely high.
Thirdly, global warming increases the likelihood of food-borne infection because it may work on the contamination of food when the food is made, stored, transported or sold. Besides, some other diseases may also spread differently due to climate changes.
To conclude, global climate changes possess a new challenge to researchers of infectious diseases. It is a pressing task to strengthen the monitoring of infectious diseases, which is helpful for the research and the prevention of such diseases.