{{B}}Jackson:{{/B}} Viewed from a scientist's standpoint, all of
the energy contained in fuel either now or in the future becomes heat. Some of
the heat is used directly or produces useful work. The rest is lost or rejected.
That is to say, it is radiated into the atmosphere from the engines, motors,
furnaces, power lines, television sets, boilers and all the other
energy-consuming machinery that makes our wheels go around.{{B}}Browning:{{/B}}
It is necessary to improve the efficiency with which we use energy
in order to do more work. But improvement cannot come overnight, and there are
limits beyond which not even science can help. According to the Center for
Strategic and International studies, about three quarters of the energy we use
to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful work.{{B}}Jeffrey:{{/B}}
In terms of efficiency, buses, trains, and other forms of public
transportation may be using energy more efficiently than private automobiles.
Unless private automobiles can operate at near capacity, their overall
efficiency is poor. For example, an urban bus carrying 36 passengers may achieve
an efficiency of around 120 passenger-miles per gallon of gasoline. But buses
are not always fully loaded, and sometimes they carry no passengers at
all.{{B}}Vandenberg:{{/B}} It is true that buses can sometimes run
without passengers. City trains seem to be very efficient, but they suffer the
same shortcomings as buses and cost more. Except for rush hours, commuter trains
seldom run at full capacity. This wastes even more energy and is more than the
management can afford. As a result, commuter trains are truly practical only in
places where there are a lot of people.{{B}}Nathan:{{/B}} For some
people, mass transportation may serve their needs. For others, a combination of
mass transportation and private transportation may be preferable. Better design
and wise use of both mass transportation systems and private vehicles will play
an important part in helping us make fuller use of energy for transportation.
Now match each of the person (61 to 65) to the appropriate
statement. Note: there are two extra statements.{{B}}Statements{{/B}}
A. City trains and buses have different faults to overcome.
B. The efficiency of the city train depends on the size of population.
C. Public transportation is usually more energy-efficient.
D. Private cars usually run at full capacity.
| E. No fuel energy is fully used. F. A combined means of
transport can help increase energy efficiency. G. Problems of
energy loss can never be completely solved. |