选择题 4.设p(χ),q(χ),f(χ)均是χ的连续函数,y1(χ),y2(χ),y3(χ)是y〞+p(χ)y′+q(χ)y=f(χ)的三个线性无关解,C1,C2为任意常数,则齐次方程y〞+p(χ)y′+q(χ)y=0的通解是( )
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】将选项B改写为:(C1-C2)y1(χ)+(C2-1)y2(χ)+(1-C1)y3(χ)
=C1[y1(χ)-y3(χ)]+C2[y2(χ)-y1(χ)]+[y3(χ)-y2(χ)].
因为y1(χ),y2(χ),y3(χ)均是y〞+p(χ)y′+q(χ)y=f(χ)的解,
所以y1(χ)-y3(χ),y2(χ)-y1(χ),y3(χ)-y2(χ)均是y〞+p(χ)y′+q(χ)y=0的解,并且y1(χ)-y2(χ)与y2(χ)-y1(χ)线性无关.故B为通解.
(事实上,若y1(χ)-y3(χ)与y2(χ)-y1(χ)线性相关,则存在不全为零的k1,k2使得
k1[y1(χ)-y3(χ)]+k2[y2(χ)-y1(χ)]=0,
即(k1-k2)y1(χ)+k2y2(χ)-k1y3(χ)=0.
由于y1(χ),y2(χ),y3(χ)是线性无关的,故k1,k2全为零,矛盾.故y1(χ)-y3(χ)与y2(χ)-y1(χ)线性无关).