【正确答案】正确答案：According to Speech Act Theory, we are performing actions when we are speaking, and a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. a)A locutionary act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax lexicon and phonology.(3 points)b)An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker"s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.(3 points)c)A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something.(3 points) According to the Speech Act Theory, when 甲 said : "上车请买票." , its locutionary act is that the ticket seller is speaking the sentence. Its illocutionary act is to ask the passengers to buy tickets for their ride. Since the passengers give an active correspondence, the ticket seller realized his intention, so the perlocutionary act of the first sentence is that the passengers bought the tickets for their ride.(4 points) When 乙 said : "三张天安门." , its locutionary act is that he is speaking the sentence. Its illocutionary act is to buy three tickets to Tian"anmen, and its perlocutionary act is that the ticket seller gave him the tickets, and he said "您拿好" .(4 points) 甲 and 乙 also comply with the cooperative principle proposed by Grice. Cooperative principle refers to the "cooperation" between speakers in using the maxims during the conversation.(3 points)Our talks are characteristically, to some degree at least, cooperative efforts; and each participant recognizes in them, to some extent, a common purpose or some of the purposes, or at least, a mutually accepted direction.(3 points) To specify the CP further, Grice introduced four categories of maxims as follows: the maxim of quantity, of quality, of relation, and of manner.(3 points)The correspondent of 乙, perfectly complies with the maxim of relation. It is a perfect answer for the locutionary act of 甲. 甲 is asking the passengers to buy the tickets. And the answer of 乙 gives all the required information.(4 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查语用学中的言语行为理论和合作原则。言语行为理论是语言语用研究中的一个重要理论。它最初是由英国哲学家约翰·奥斯汀在20世纪50年代提出的。根据言语行为理论，我们说话的同时是在实施某种行为，说话者说话时可能同时实施三种行为：发话行为、行事行为和取效行为。发话行为是通过句法、词汇和音位来表达字面意义的行为。行事行为是表达说话者的意图的行为，它是在说某些话时所实施的行为。取效行为是通过某些话所实施的行为，或讲某些话所导致的行为，它是话语所产生的后果或所引起的变化。会话含义的产生是由于在现实交际中，人们出于种种原因，并不都严格遵守合作原则及其相关准则。因而有必要先介绍一下格赖斯的合作原则及其准则。格赖斯认为，在所有的语言交际中为了达到特定的目标，说话人和听话人之间存在着一种默契，一种双方都应该遵守的原则，他称这种原则为会话的合作原则(Cooperative Principle，简称CP)，也就是说，每一个交谈参与者在整个交谈过程中所说的话要符合交谈的公认目的或方向。格赖斯将合作原则具体化为四个准则，其中一个准则是关系准则。因此实质上，乙的回答是对甲的话语的非常合适的回应。