Text 3
Ellen Pao spent the last few years spotlighting the technology industry’s lack of diversity, in court and beyond. Erica Baker caused a stir at Google when she started a spreadsheet last year for employees to share their salaries, highlighting the pay disparities between those of different genders doing the same job. Laura I. Gomez founded a start-up focused on improving diversity in the hiring process. Now the three are starting an effort to collect and share data to help diversify the rank-and-file employees who make up tech companies. The nonprofit venture, called Project In- clude, was unveiled on Tuesday.
As part of Project Include, the group plans to extract commitments from tech companies to track the diversity of their work forces over time and eventually share that data with other start-ups. The effort will focus on start-ups that employ 25 to 1,000 workers, in the hope of spurring the com- panies to think about equality sooner rather than later. The project will also ask for participation from venture capital firms that advise and mentor the start-ups.
Project Include aims to have 18 companies as part of its first cohort; a few have already signed up. The group will meet regularly for seven months to define and track specific metrics. At the end of that period, the group will publish an anonymized set of results to show the progress—or lack thereof—that the start-ups have made around diversity.
The group’s push is intended to cut through tech’s slow pace of change on diversity. Large companies, including Google, Facebook and Microsoft, have openly admitted their failings in creating diverse work forces, and some have started programs to move the needle. But that has not seemed to spur much movement in views on the issue. In December, for instance, Michael Moritz, a partner at the venture capital firm Sequoia Capital, made headlines when he said in an interview that his firm—which had no female investment partners in the United States—would focus on hiring women but would not “lower its standards” to do so. He also said the firm was blind to gender and race.
“It is this incredibly self-serving mythology that we are the best and the brightest, and that the best ideas rise to the top and will get funded,” said Ms. Kapor Klein, noting there is plenty of data to show that minority access to tech programs and networks is worse than that of white males. “Despite an avalanche of rigorous data to the contrary, the belief in pure meritocracy persists.”
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that（ ）
总体分析
本文共有五段。 主要围绕“硅谷企业够不够多元化”展开论述。 第一段开篇点题，引出旨在 促进科技公司普通员工队伍多元化的“容纳计划”。 第二、三、四段主要介绍了“容纳计划”的工 作内容和目标。 最后一段从侧面说明企业缺乏多样性和包容性的原因。
试题详解
推断题。 根据题干关键词定位到第一段。 本题可用排除法。 根据第一句话可排除 A 项，因为原文是说鲍康如这几年来一直致力于揭露科技行业缺乏多样性的情况，不论 是在法庭上还是法庭外，而不是花费大量时间来多样化法院结构。 根据第二句可排除 B 项，原文并没有提及埃里卡•贝克的职务及工作，故此项属于过度推断。 根据第三句可排 除 C 项，原文是说劳拉•I.戈麦 斯创办了一家公司，而不是三位合作创办的。 故 D 项为 正确答案。 此外根据最后一句话，也可知道上述三位创建“容纳计划”的目的是使科技企 业的员工构成多样化。
The effort of Project Include on start-ups expects to（ ）
细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段。根据 The effort will focus on start-ups that employ 25 to 1,000 workers, in the hope of spurring the companies to think about equality sooner rather than later. 可知这一计划将聚焦雇员人数为 25 人到 1 000 人的初创企业，希 望能够推动它们及早考虑平等问题。 故 C 项为正确答案。 其中 expect to 是 in the hope of 的同义替换；urge 是 spur 的同义替换。 A 项“获得科技企业的承诺”，B 项“获得相关数 据”和 D 项“鼓励风险投资公司参与其中”均不符合题意，故排除。
What will Project Include not do to 18 companies during the seven months?（ ）
细节题。 根据题干关键词定位到第三段。 根据 Project Include aims to have 18 com- panies as part of its first cohort; a few have already signed up. The group will meet regularly for seven months to define and track specific metrics.可知“容纳计划”当前的目标是说服18 家企业作为第一批合作者加入进来； 有几家已经签约。 该组织会在七个月的时间里 定期组织会议来定义和追踪具体指标。 故 B 项、C 项和 D 项均与原文相符。 A 项“使他 们认同这个团队”属于过于推断。 故 A 项为正确答案。
The phrase “the needle” (Para. 4) probably refers to（ ）
含义题。 根据题干关键词定位到第四段。 根据 Large companies, including Google,Facebook and Microsoft, have openly admitted their failings in creating diverse work forces, and some have started programs to move the needle.可知谷歌、脸谱网和微软等大公司已 经公开承认自己没能让员工队伍变得更为多元， 一些公司已经启动了旨在促成改变的 计划。 联系上下文可知，the needle 指代的是 diverse work forces 这件事，故 A 项为正确 答案。 B 项“纺织用的针”是字面意思，排除。 C 项“对于多元化的看法”和 D 项“容纳计划 的措施”均不符合题意，故排除。
It seems that Ms. Kapor Klein believes（ ）
推断题。 根据题干关键词定位到最后一段。 最后一段主要阐述了卡普尔•克莱因女 士的观点，她认为“就是这种极端自利的谬论———以为我们是最好、最聪明的，以为最佳 的想法会脱颖而出，并得到资金，导致对纯粹精英主义的信奉依然存在，尽管大量严谨 的数据显示事实恰恰相反”。 她还指出，大量数据显示，少数族裔获取科技项目和人脉的 渠道要比白人男性差。 由此可推断卡普尔•克莱因女士认为改善目前存在的这种偏见还 有很长的路要走。 故 B 项为正确答案。 A 项“问题的根源是人们的自大”，C 项“种族主义 仍然严重”和 D 项“人们需要开阔的视野”均是对文中信息的表面化理解，故排除。
全文翻译
鲍康如这几年来一直致力于揭露科技行业缺乏多样性的情况，不论是在法庭上还是法庭 外。 埃里卡•贝克去年创建的一个让员工晒薪水的电子表格在谷歌引起了轰动，突显了工作内 容相同但性别不同的员工之间的收入差距。 劳拉•I.戈麦斯创办了一家公司，专注于提高招聘过 程中的多样性。 现在，上述三人正着手搜集和分享数据，旨在促进科技公司普通员工队伍的多 元化。 她们的非营利组织“容纳计划”于上周二亮相。
“容纳计划”的工作之一是让一些科技企业承诺在一段时间内追踪自身员工构成的多样性， 然后将相关数据与其他初创企业分享。 这一计划将聚焦雇员人数为 25 人到 1 000 人的初创企 业，希望能够推动它们及早考虑平等问题。 该计划还会邀请为初创企业提供咨询和指导的风险 投资公司参与其中。
“容纳计划”当前的目标是说服 18 家企业作为第一批合作者加入进来；有几家已经签约。 该组织会在七个月的时间里定期组织会议来定义和追踪具体指标。 七个月过后，该组织会发布 一份匿名的情况汇编，来展示这些公司在推动多样性方面取得———或者缺乏———进展的情况。 “容纳计划”做这件事的目的，是快速推动进展一直颇为缓慢的科技行业人员构成多元化的进程。 谷歌、脸谱网和微软等大公司已经公开承认自己没能让员工队伍变得更为多元，一些 公司已经启动了旨在促成改变的计划。 但这似乎没能让人们看待这一问题的观念有太多进步。 例如，去年 12 月，风险投资公司红杉资本合伙人迈克尔•莫里茨因为采访中的一番话而登上了 媒体头条，他说公司———在美 国没有女性投资合伙人———会致 力于聘用女性，但不会为此“降 低标准”。 他还说他的公司无视性别和种族的界线。
卡普尔•克莱因女士说“就是这种极端自利的谬论———以为我们是最好、最聪明的，以为最 佳的想法会脱颖而出，并得到资金，导致对纯粹精英主义的信奉依然存在，尽管大量严谨的数 据显示事实恰恰相反”。 她还指出，大量数据显示，少数族裔获取科技项目和人脉的渠道要比白 人男性差。