单选题Direction: Read the following text. Choose
the best word or phrase for each numbered blank.
… In post-war America, other groups sought their place
on America's campuses, too. The {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}of
women in higher education began to increase, Black and Hispanic {{U}}
{{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}demand an end {{U}} {{U}} 3
{{/U}} {{/U}}segregation in elementary and {{U}} {{U}} 4
{{/U}} {{/U}}education —and thus an equal opportunity to get into college. (In
the United States the {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}"minority" has
two meanings, often {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}: (1)A minority
is any ethnic or racial group that {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}a
small percentage of the total {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}};
(2)The term also {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}a group that has
less political power than the {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}.
) By the 1960s, college {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}}
{{/U}}special plans and programs to equalize educational opportunities — {{U}}
{{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}every level, for all groups. Some of these
plans were called "affirmative action programs". Their goal was to make up for
past {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}by giving special preference
{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}members of minorities seeking jobs
or {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}to college. Some colleges, for
example, sponsored programs to help minority students prepare for college while
{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}in high school. By
the 1970s, the United States government stood firmly {{U}} {{U}}
17 {{/U}} {{/U}}such goals, it required colleges and universities
receiving public {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}to practise some
form of affirmative action. But when colleges began to set {{U}} {{U}}
19 {{/U}} {{/U}}(fixed numbers) of minority students to be admitted,
many Americans (including minority citizens) {{U}} {{U}} 20
{{/U}} {{/U}}. They felt that this was another form of
discrimination. …