【正确答案】正确答案：①存在不当之处。存货的监盘时间不正确。存货监盘的时间应当与Z公司的存货盘点时间相协调，不应该在盘点结束后才进行存货监盘。 ②存在不当之处。存货已经质押的，且为重要的存货，注册会计师不应当仅仅通过电话予以核实确认。应当向债权人(银行)函证与被质押的存货有关的内容，取得书面证据，必要时到银行实施监盘程序。 ③不存在不当之处。在执行检查程序时，注册会计师应当从存货盘点记录中选取项目追查至存货实物，以测试盘点记录的准确性；注册会计师还应当从存货实物中选取项目追查至存货盘点记录，以测试存货盘点记录的完整性。 ④存在不当之处。注册会计师将存货盘点记录与账簿记录进行核对，发现重大差异的，应实施追加审计程序，这种做法是正确的，但是对于属于账簿记录中登记有误的，应该建议Z公司进行调整。注册会计师应建议对于仅仅签订购货合同就确认的材料予以冲减。 ①It is not appropriate．The timing of observing inventory is inappropriate．The timing should be coordinated with the timing that Z Company uses in counting the inventory， rather than after Z Company did so． ②It is not appropriate．If the inventory，which is material，has been already pledged as collateral，a CPA should not only confirm it by phone，but also should confirm with the credit(the bank)about the pledged inventory，obtain written evidence，and observe the relevant procedures at bank if necessary． ③It is not appropriate．When performing the inspection procedures，a CPA should test the accuracy of the inventory count records by vouching items selected from the count records to the physical inventory，and should also test the completeness by tracing items selected from the physical inventory to the count record． ④It is not appropriate．It is correct that the CPA perform further audit procedures after he／she reconciled the inventory count record to the book and found material difference between them．However，the CPA sho-uld advise Z Company to adjust misstatements in book and to write off the materials recognized merely owing to procurement contracts are signed．

【正确答案】正确答案：①如果注册会计师发现被审计单位的毛利率变动较大或与所在行业的平均毛利率差异较大，注册会计师可以采用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法，从行业及市场变化趋势、产品销售价格和产品成本要素等方面对毛利率变动的合理性进行调查。 ②如果注册会计师发现应收账款余额较大，或其增长幅度高于销售收入的增长幅度，注册会计师需要分析具体原因(如赊销政策和信用期限是否发生变化等)，并在必要时采取恰当的措施，如扩大函证比例、增加截止测试和期后收款测试的比例等。 ③如果注册会计师发现被审计单位的收入增长幅度明显高于管理层的预期，可以询问管理层的适当人员，并考虑管理层的答复是否与其他审计证据一致，例如，如果管理层表示收入增长是由于销售量增加所致，注册会计师可以调查与市场需求相关的情况。 ①If a CPA discovers the gross profit ratio has changed greatly or has a big difference from the industry average level，the CPA can investigate the reasonableness from industry and market trends，sales prices and costs of products by combining the qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis． ②If a CPA discovers that the balance of accounts receivable is large or its growth rate is higher than the sales growth rate．the CPA should analyze the reasons(e．g．if there is a change in credit sales policies or credit terms)，and should take appropriate actions as necessary，such as increase the sample size of confirmation，and increase the tests for cut—off and subsequent collection． ③If a CPA discovers that the income growth rate is significantly higher than the management expectation，he／she should inquiry the appropriate level of management and should consider the consistency of management responses to other audit evidences．For example，if the management represents that the growth in income is due to the growth in sales，the CPA can investigate the facts related to the market demands．