单选题 Information systems design is defined as those tasks that focus on the specification of a detailed computer-based solution. Typically, there are four systems design tasks for in-house development.
①The first task is to specify ______, which defines the technologies to be used by one, more, or all information systems in terms of their data, processes, interfaces, and network components. This task is accomplished by analyzing the data models and process models that are initially created during requirements analysis.
②The next systems design task is to develop the ______. The purpose of this task is to prepare technical design specifications for a database that will be adaptable to future requirements and expansion.
③Once the database prototype has been built, the systems designer can work closely with system users to develop input, output and dialogue specifications. The ______ must be specified to ensure that the outputs are not lost, misrouted, misused, or incomplete.
④The fourth design task involves packaging all the specifications from the previous design tasks into a set of specifications that will guide the ______ activities during the following phases of the systems development methodology.
Finally, we should ______ and update the project plan accordingly. The key deliverable should include a detailed plan for the construction phase that should follow.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[参考译文] 信息系统设计被定义为一些任务，它们主要关注一个详细的计算机解决方案的规格说明。通常来说，内部开发有四种系统设计任务。
①第一项任务是确定一个应用程序架构，它以数据、过程、接口和网络组件的方式定义一个、多个或所有信息系统要使用的技术。完成这项任务需要分析最初创建于需求分析期间的数据模型和过程模型。
②下一项系统设计任务是开发数据库设计的规格说明。该任务的目的是准备一个数据库技术设计规格说明，以适应将来的需求和扩展。
③一旦建成了数据库原型，系统设计人员能够和系统用户密切合作开发输入、输出和对话框规格说明。必须指定内部控件来确保输出不会丢失、误传、滥用或不完整。
④第四项设计任务包括把之前所有设计任务的规格说明打包为一套规格说明，将在系统开发方法的后续阶段中指导计算机程序员的活动。
最后，我们应该重新评估项目的可行性并相应地更新项目计划。主要交付成果将包括构建阶段应该遵循的一个详细计划。
试题答案