According to two recent research papers, sugar is toxic enough to kill mice and is the drug of choice for laboratory rats, which prefer it to cocaine. Now it has been called " the most dangerous drug of this time" by Paul van der Velpent, head of Amsterdam's health service. Velpent called for government restrictions on sugar in food and a ban on soft drinks in schools. An anti-sugar movement is emerging. Endocrinologist Dr Robert Lustig's lecture, Sugar: The Bitter Truth, has picked up four million views on YouTube. The latest National Diet and Nutrition Survey shows all age groups exceeded the recommended 11% of energy coming from sugars added to foods. For children aged between 11 and 18 the mean intake was 15. 3%. Since the survey is self-reported it is likely that most people underestimate their intake. Why are we eating more? We like sugar and manufacturers have made some foods sweeter. An analysis found that Hovis wholemeal bread had doubled in sugar content between 1978 and 2013. A meta-analysis paper (that combines the results of studies) published this year found that increased intake of sugar led to weight gain. It also showed that children who had one sugary drink a day were 55% more likely to be overweight than those who did not. An accompanying editorial argued that sugar interferes with metabolic processes that protect against diabetes and heart attacks. Another study found that replacing 5% of calories from saturated fat with calories from sugars or other high-glycogenic-index carbohydrates increased the rate of heart attacks by 33%. A Princeton Review study found that rats experienced changes to the dopamine and opioid receptors in their brains after being flooded with sugar. This made them sugar-dependent. The authors queried whether adults could also develop a dependency. Whatever the conclusion, it is worth cutting down on sugar. Be aware of how much your food contains. Fat-free products often have high sugar levels to make them tasty, so try to avoid them. More sleep will also make you less likely to crave sugar. Recommended limits are 50g a day in a 2 000-calorie diet. A teaspoon is 4g. So now you know.

单选题 Which statement can be learned from the first paragraph?

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：根据题干，该题定位到文章第一段。在第一段中，作者介绍了最近两项研究报告，报告指出糖的毒性足以杀死老鼠。糖被阿姆斯特丹医疗卫生服务部门的负责人Paul van der Velpent称为“现在最危险的药物”。Velpent呼吁政府限制食物中的糖含量，同时在学校禁止供应含糖软饮料。一场抵制糖的运动正在兴起。再结合选项，A选项指出“比起糖，实验室的老鼠更愿意选择可卡因”，很明显该句与第一段which prefer it to cocaine意思相违背。B选项符合该段——Velpent呼吁政府和学校采取措施来降低糖分的摄入。C选项与文章不符，文中指出11岁到1 8岁的青少年的平均糖摄入量为15．3％。D选项在第二段进行了阐述，并不是文章第一段的信息。

单选题 Why is an anti-sugar movement emerging?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：虽然anti-sugar movement在文章第一段提及，但其兴起的原因需要结合第一段和第二段来寻找。A选项表述错误。根据文章第二段最后一句An accompanying editorial argued that sugar interferes with metabolic processes…，糖分会干扰代谢过程，而A选项指出糖分会促进代谢过程。B选项是强加因果，文章并未对人们喜欢吃糖和制造商生产更多甜食的因果关系进行表述，更何况，该表述也不是抵制糖的运动的原因。C选项是无中生有，文章未对多余的能量的作用进行描述。所以根据排除法可以选出正确答案D，D也在文章第二段有对应的描述。

单选题 What did the Princeton Review study indicate?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：根据题干的Princeton Review study可以将该题定位至第三段。第三段指出：A Princeton Review study found that rats experienced changes to the dopamine and opioid receptors in their brains after being flooded with sugar．This made them sugar-dependent．The authors queried whether adults could also develop a dependency．也就是说当老鼠被喂食过量的糖类食物后，它们的多巴胺和阿片受体发生了变化，从而对糖产生了依赖。作者质疑是否成年人也会产生这种依赖。A选项是对该句的正确阐释。B和D选项涉及成年人，但作者并未确认成年人对糖的依赖。C选项认为多巴胺和阿片受体发生变化后导致了老鼠的死亡，而文章开头指出老鼠死亡是因为糖摄入过量。

单选题 Which of the following has the same meaning with "queried" in the third paragraph?

单选题 Which of the following is the method to help people reduce sugar intake according to the passage?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：题目要求选出抵制糖分摄入的方法。文章在第一段和最后一段都有相关的方法介绍。在第一段中，Velpent呼吁通过政府和学校来进行抵制。而文章最后一段介绍了一些人们自我约束的措施。A选项要求人们食用更多的脱脂食物，但最后一段明确指出Fat-free products of ten have high sugar levels to make them tasty，so try to avoid them，脱脂食物含有大量的糖分，应该避免食用。B选项表述不正确，文章指出：Recommended limits are 50g a day in a 2 000-calorie diet．A teaspoon is 4g．所以13 teaspoons of sugar超出了每天的限量。C选项的exercise的信息文章未涉及。排除这三个选项可以选出D，同时文章的最后一段也对D选项的内容进行了表述：More sleep will also make you less likely to crave sugar。