问答题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate
the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly
on the ANSWER SHEET. Although truth and justice
may be the most powerful impulses to show moral courage, there are others.
Compassion is one of these. Tentatively it can be suggested that this is the
main influence upon those who urge the abolition of capital punishment.
{{U}}{{U}} 1 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}It is recognition of compassion's part that
leads the upholders of capital punishment to accuse the abolitionists of
sentimentality in being more sorry for the murderer than for his victim{{/U}}.
This is nonsense but with it some organs of the popular Press played upon the
emotions of their readers so successfully that many candidates for Parliament
were afraid to support abolition for fear of losing votes and the result was the
muddle-headed Homicide Act of 1957 which made murder with robbery a capital
crime and allowed the poisoner to escape the gallows. That illogical
qualification shows how flimsy is the argument that capital punishment is a
deterrent to murder. {{U}}{{U}} 2 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}The poisoner always words
on a calculated plan of action and therefore is able to consider whether or not
his taking another's life is worth the risk of his own; the violent thief is
usually at the mercy of an instant emotion{{/U}}. The only arguable plea for
capital punishment is the right of society to retribution in this world with the
prospect of life in another, but since what used to seem to the great majority
of civilized humanity the assurance of another life beyond the grave has come to
seem to more and more people less certain, a feeling for the value of human life
has become deeper and more widespread. This may seem a paradoxical claim to make
at a time when mankind is so much preoccupied with weapons of destruction.
{{U}}{{U}} 3 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Nevertheless, it is a claim that can be
sustained and if compassion animates those who urge the abolition of the death
penalty it is not a sentimental compassion for the mental agony inflicted upon a
condemned man but a dread of destroying the miracle of life{{/U}}.
{{U}}{{U}} 4 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}When in the eighteenth century offences
against the law that today would not earn a month in prison were punished with
the death penalty, the seventy of the penal code had no serious effect on the
prevalence of crime{{/U}}. When it made no difference to the fate of a highwayman
whether he had killed his victim or merely robbed him of a few pieces of silver,
there were no more murders then than there were when men like Sir Fraricis
Burdett succeeded in lightening the excessive severity of the penal laws.
{{U}}{{U}} 5 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}In those days the sacredness of life on earth
was not greatly regarded because a life in the world to come was taken for
granted except by a comparatively small minority of philosophers{{/U}}.
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考点是强调句+动名词短语翻译。句子主干是it is+被强调部分+that形式的强调句，被强调部分是recognition of compassion's part。介词短语in being more sorry for the murderer than for his victim作后置定语修饰sentimentality。
upholder：支持者；capital punishment：死刑；accuse somebody of：控告；abolitionist：主张废除死刑者，主张废除奴隶制度者；victim：受害人。在翻译强调句是一般翻译为“正是……”
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考点是并列结构、省略、宾语从句翻译。复合句。句子主干是The prisoner always works on...and therefore is able to consider...; the violent thief is usually..., 分号形成了prisoner和violent thief的对照。分号前的句子中分句whether or not his taking another's life is worth the risk of his own做consider的宾语。
poisoner：投毒者；calculated：预先计划的，计算出的，恰当的；at the mercy of: 任……摆布；instant：瞬间的，即时的。
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考点是定语从句；被动语态；条件状语从句；过去分词短语翻译。句子主干是Nevertheless, it is a claim...and if compassion animates those who...it is not a sentimental compassion for...but a dread of...。从句1 that can be sustained是定语从句，修饰限定claim。if引导的条件状语从句其中包含一个who引导的定语从句who urge the abolition of the death penalty修饰限定those。not...but...是表示“不是……而是……”的常用句型，其中过去分词短语inflicted upon a condemned man作后置定语修饰mental agony。
nevertheless：尽管如此，然而；claim：名词或者动词，要求，声称；compassion：同情，怜悯；animate：使……有生气，有活力；mental：精神上的；agony：极度痛苦；inflict on/upon：强加于；condemned：受谴责的，被责难的，被判死刑的；dread：恐惧，担心
【答案解析】[解析]本题考点是时间状语从句；定语从句；被动语态翻译。主句为the severity of the penal code had no serious effect on the prevalence of crime；when引导时间状语从句中嵌套了that引导的定语从句that today would no earn a month in prison和介词短语against the law一起修饰限定“offences”。when引导的时间状语从句的主干为offences were punished with the death penalty。
offence：犯罪，冒犯；earn a month in prison：被判监禁一个月；death penalty：死刑；severity：severe的名词形式，严格，严厉；penal code：刑法典；prevalence：流行，盛行，普遍。
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考点是被动语态；原因状语从句翻译。句子主干为the sacredness of life on earth was not greatly regarded because a life in the world to come was taken for granted。主句主干为the sacredness of life on earth was not greatly regarded; because引导原因状语从句because a life in the world to come was taken for granted；两个被动语态形成了结构上的对应和意义上的对照。
sacredness：神圣；take something for granted：认为……是理所当然的；comparatively：比较地，相对地；minority：少数，a minority of：少数。