阅读理解 Heart disease has long been Britain's biggest single killer. Despite our efforts to ward off its risk factors with more exercise and a healthier diet, the statistics remain sobering—particularly if you are a man. According to the British Heart Foundation, one in seven men will die from heart disease compared with one in 11 women, and of the 2. 3 million people living with heart disease in the UK, 60 percent are men.
Professor Jamie Waterall, the national lead for cardiovascular disease prevention at PHE, says there are many reasons why more men than women are suffering heart disease. "Women do have the advantage of some hormonal protection of the heart prior to the menopause, which lessens their risk, but from that age onwards things should even out. But men continue to display an abundance of risky lifestyle behaviours that make them more vulnerable. They eat more, drink more, smoke more, for example. "
Numerous studies have shown that excess belly fat, even if you are skinny everywhere else, can be deadly. "Fat around the middle—especially the deep visceral fat hidden in your abdomen—has been linked to a higher risk of heart disease because these fat cells produce damaging toxic substances," Allen says.
Previously, men were advised to drink no more than three to four units of alcohol a day, which technically meant they could consume 28 units a week. The latest rules have cut that to no more than 14 units. Cutting down is one thing, but you should also spread your alcohol intake and have " several drink-free days per week" , according to the charity Drinkaware. Doing so can help your weight and cholesterol levels, both bad for the heart, to drop.
According to the smoking cessation charity Ash, smoking at any age causes about 14 percent of deaths from heart disease. If you are a smoker, stopping is the single most important thing you can do.
Switching to e-cigarettes or vaping is a positive move—provided that you eventually stop for good. In February a study from the University of California revealed that people who vape are more likely to have higher adrenaline levels and more stress in the heart, both of which have an adverse effect on cardiovascular health. "In the short term, using e-cigarettes may be useful as a stepping stone to quitting, but the ultimate goal is to stop using them too," says Allen.
单选题 36.More men are suffering heart disease than women because______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】细节题。定位到第二段。第一段介绍背景，男性比女性心脏病发病率高。第二段分析原因。在更年期之前，女性由于荷尔蒙的原因发病率更低。更年期之后，这种荷尔蒙优势丧失，但是很多男性生活习惯不好，导致男性患心脏病的风险还是高。[C]“女性往往比男性有更健康的生活方式”符合。[A]“妇女终生有保护她们不患心脏病的荷尔蒙”错误，更年期后荷尔蒙的作用就不存在了；[B]“更年期对女性心血管系统影响不大”错误，更年期前后荷尔蒙的变化会对女性心血管系统有一定影响；[D]“女人们关心她们的体重”没提到。
单选题 37.What effect does body weight have on one's heart?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】细节题。定位到第三段。[A]“脂肪积累在臀部是致命的”错误，应该是腹部的脂肪是致命的；[B]“脂肪细胞对男人的伤害比女人大”，文中没有提到脂肪细胞对人体影响的性别差异性；[D]“额外的脂肪层可以保护心脏免受伤害”文中没有提到。
单选题 38.To lower the risk of heart disease, alcohol takers should______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】细节题。定位到第四段，主要讲了两层意思，一是减少饮酒量，过去每周可以喝28个单位，最新的规定将这个数字削减到不超过14个单位。二是分散饮酒，每周几天不摄入酒精。[A]“将饮酒量砍掉一半多”正确。[B]“喝红酒不喝烈酒”没提到；[C]“每天喝一定量的酒”与文意相反；[D]“少喝酒提高胆固醇水平”错误，应该是降低胆固醇水平。
单选题 39.Smoking e-cigarettes can______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】推断题。定位到第五段。吸烟会提高心脏病的患病风险，使用电子烟可能有助于戒烟，但是电子烟也会对心血管健康产生不良的影响，因此最终也得戒掉。故答案选[D]“帮助戒烟”。[A]“降低心脏病风险”错误；[B]“是卷烟的有效替代品”错误；[C]“对心脑血管有好处”，与文章内容相反。
单选题 40.This passage is mainly about______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】主旨题。本文主要讨论了英国男性心脏病发病率高于女性，并且分析了原因以及对策，指出不良的生活习惯如过量饮食、喝酒和吸烟是引发心脏病的重要原因。故答案选[A]。[B]“医院里的性别歧视”，[C]“保持身材苗条的重要性”和[D]“戒烟的方法”，均为无关选项。