请阅读 Passage 2，完成以下小题。
Passage 2
Over the past decade, the Japanese fashion chain Uniqlo has become among the most successful retailers in the world. Its success is due in a large part to the fact that it has found a way to sell basic stuff that is not only affordable stylish and durable. And there’s something else that makes Uniqlo distinctive: it hires a lot of people, and spends a lot of time training them. When the company opened its flagship Fifth Avenue store last fall, it hired six hundred and fifty people, and pledged to have four hundred people working there at one time. This is not the way most retailers do business. The generation dogma in recent decades has been that, in order to compete on price, you need to keep labor costs down-hiring as few workers as you can get away with and paying them as little as possible. Although leanness is generally a good thing in business. Too much cost-cutting turns out to be a bad strategy, not only for workers and customers but also for business themselves.
A recent Harvard Business Review study by Zeynep Ton, and MIT professor, looked at four low-price retailers: Costco, Trader Joe’s. The convenience-store chain QuikTrip, and a Spanish supermarket chain called Mercadona. These companies have much higher labor costs that their competitors. They pay their employees more; they have more full-time workers and more salespeople on the floor; and they invest more in training them. (At QuikTrip, even part-time employees get forty hours of training.)Not surprisingly, these stores are better places to work. What’s more surprising is that they have more profitable than most of their competitors and have more sales per employee and per square foot.
The big challenge is to make sure that the people coming into the store actually buy stuff and research suggests that not scrimping on payroll is crucial. In a study published at the Wharton School, Marshall Fisher, Jayanth Krishnan, and Serguei Netessine looked at detailed sales data from a retailer with more than five hundred stores, and found that every dollar in additional payroll led to somewhere between four and twenty-eight dollars in new sales. Stores that were understaffed to begin with benefited more, stores that were close to fully staffed benefitted less but, in all cases, spending more on workers let to higher sales. A study last year of a big apparel chain found that increasing the number of people working in stores led to a significant increase in sales at those stores.
The reasons for this aren’t hard to divine. As Fisher, Krishman, and Netessine show, customers’ needs are pretty simple: they want to be able to find products and helpful salespeople easily; and they want to avoid long checkout lines. For a well-staffed store, that’s no problem, but if you don’t have enough people on the floor, or if they aren’t well trained, customers can easily lose patience. One of the biggest problems retailers have is what is called a “Phantom stock-out.” That’s when a product is in the store but can’t be found. Worker-friendly retailers with more employees have fewer phantom stock-outs, which leads to more sales. And happy workers tend to stick around, which saves the costs associated with employee turnover, like hiring and training.
According to Paragraph 1, what do retailers do to increase their profits?
本题考查事实细节题。
题干意为：根据文章第一自然段，这些零售商通常会做什么来提高利润？根据文章第一段最后三句中 This is not the way most retailers do business.The generation dogma in recent decades has been that, in order to compete on price, you need to keep labor costs down-hiring as few workers as you can get away with and paying them as little as possible. （近几十年的普遍看法就是，为了在价格上竞争，你需要保持低劳动力成本，雇佣尽可能少的工人，并且支付尽可能少的工资。）可知，这些零售人员通常会通过保持低劳动成本进而提高利润。A项Cut down on labor cost. 意为“降低人工成本”，A项正确。
B项：Improve work efficiency. 意为“提高工作效率”。与题干不符，排除。
C项：Hire more part-time workers. 意为“雇佣更多兼职工人”。与题干不符，排除。
D项：Provide stylish and durable products. 意为“提供时尚耐用的产品”。与题干不符，排除。
故正确答案为A。
According to Paragraph 3, what fact does the study by Marshall Fisher and other researchers highlight?
本题考查事实细节题。
题干意为：根据文章第三自然段，马歇尔·费舍尔和其他研究人员的研究强调了什么事实？根据关键词“Marshall Fisher”定位到文章第三段第三句Stores that were understaffed to begin with benefited more, stores that were close to fully staffed benefited less, but, in all cases, spending more on workers led to higher sales.（那些原本人手不足的商店受益更多，那些员工接近满员的商店受益较少，但在所有情况下，在工人身上花更多钱会带来更高的销售额）。C项Higher wages to the workers will pay off in the long run. 意为“从长远来看，提高工人工资是有好处的”符合句意。C项正确。
A项：Low labor cost is crucial for a retailer. 意为“低劳动力成本对零售商来说是至关重要的”。与题干不符，排除。
B项：Under-staffed stores make more profits. 意为“人手不足的商店利润更高”。与题干不符，排除。
D项：More profits will be gained from employing fewer workers. 意为“雇佣更少的工人可以获得更多的利润”。与题干不符，排除。
故正确答案为C。
What implication can be drawn from the phantom’s problem?
本题考查事实细节题。
题干意为“从虚拟缺货问题中可以得出什么启示”。根据关键词 Phantom’s problem 可定位到第四段第二句 ...they want to be able to find products and helpful sales-people easily; and they want to avoid long checkout lines（……消费者希望能够轻松找到商品和能够提供帮助的销售人员；他们还想避免很长的结账队伍），以及倒数第二句Worker-friendly retailers with more employees have fewer phantom stock-outs, which leads to more sales（拥有更多雇员的员工友好型零售商很少出现虚拟缺货的现象，这带来了更高的销售额）。由此可知，“员工友好”是提高销售额的重要保障。B 项意为“员工友好型工作环境对促进销售至关重要”，符合文意，当选。
A 项：意为“顾客的数量决定了利润的多少”。与题干不符，排除。
C 项：意为“产品越容易找到，销售越能得到保证”。与题干不符，排除。
D 项：意为“付给员工的工资越多，获得的利润就越少”。与题干不符，排除。
故正确答案为B。
What can be inferred about the outcome of cost reduction?
本题考查细节推断。 题干意为“从成本减少的结果当中可以推断出什么”。根据关键词 cost reduction 可定位到第一段最后一句 Although leanness is generally a good thing in business, too much cost-cutting turns out to be a bad strategy, not only for workers and customers but also for business themselves（虽然精简在商业中总体上是一件好事，但过多削减成本却是一个糟糕的策略，不仅对员工和客户是这样的，对企业本身也是如此）。由此可知，降低劳动力成本对于企业并不是好事。再结合第四段前三句 The reasons for this aren’t hard to divine. As Fisher, Krishnan, and Netessine show, customers’ needs are pretty simple: they want to be able to find products and helpful salespeople easily; and they want to avoid long checkout lines. For a well-staffed store, that’s no problem, but if you don’t have enough people on the floor, or if they aren’t well trained, customers can easily lose patience（其原因不难推测。正如 Fisher、Krishnan 和 Netessine 所表明的，客户的需求非常简单：他们希望能够轻松地找到商品和能够提供帮助的销售人员；他们还想避免很长的结账队伍。对于一个员工充足的商店来说，这不是个问题，但如果你没有足够的员工，或者员工没有受过良好的培训，顾客很容易失去耐心）可以得出结论，劳动力成本的削减会使顾客接受的服务变差。B 项意为“服务将受到阻碍”，符合文意，当选。
A 项：意为“商店将会关闭”。与题干不符，排除。
C 项：意为“员工们将被解雇”。与题干不符，排除。
D 项：意为“产品价格将下调”。与题干不符，排除。
故正确答案为 B。
What makes Uniqlo stand out as a global fashion chain retailer?
本题考查细节推断。
题干意为：是什么让优衣库作为一家全球时尚连锁零售商脱颖而出，根据Uniqlo定位到第一段第三句“And there’s something else that makes Uniqlo distinctive: it hires a lot of people, and spends a lot of time training them.”（优衣库与众不同的另一个原因是:它雇佣了很多人，并花了很多时间来培训他们。）D项Its adequate number of well-trained staff. 意为“它有足够数量的训练有素的员工。”D项正确。
A项：Its uniqueness in fashion design. 意为“它在时装设计上的独特性”。与题干不符，排除。
B项：Its dogma of reducing labor cost. 意为“它的信条是降低劳动力成本”。与题干不符，排除。
C项：Its establishment of luxurious flagships. 意为“其豪华旗舰店的建立”。与题干不符，排除。
故正确答案为D。