Passage 2
A British sociologist has advanced the theory that many working-class children are unsuccessful at school because of the nature of their language. They use what he terms a “restricted” code of speech, whereas most teachers use an “elaborated” code, which is familiar to middle-class children.
Working-class language is a language of personal experience and direct command rather than of rationalization and distinction between subtleties. In school, however, the latter abilities are demanded of children. Middleclass children, who have been brought up in such a way as to enable them to respond to argument and reasoning, are able to cope with the classroom situation much better than their working-class contemporaries, who are frequently at a loss to understand the implication of what their teacher is saying.
So it seems that working-class children fail to take full advantage of the educational system, not because they are less bright than middle-class children, but because the language of the classroom is alien to them.
What do you know from the first paragraph?
由第一段中“many working-class children are unsuccessful at school”可知，工人阶级的孩子在学校表现不怎么好。由后文可知他们不如中产阶级的孩子。
Middle-class children do better at school because ________.
由第二段可知，工人阶级的孩子“are frequently at a loss to understand the implication of what their teacher is saying”，而中产阶级 的孩子“are able to cope with the classroom situation much better than their working-class contemporaries”，由此可见中产阶级的孩子在课堂中更能听懂老师说的话。
The word “alien” in the last paragraph means ________.
由上题解析可知，工人阶级的孩子们更难听懂老师说的话，因此alien的意思是“difficult to understand”。
The gap between working-class children and their teachers can be narrowed only by ________.
由文章可知，工人阶级孩子表现差的原因是他们较难听懂老师说的话。因此可以通过提高他们的语言能力来缩小他们与老师之间的距离。
The author's main purpose in writing this article is to ________.
文章中作者论证了工人阶级孩子在学校表现差不是智力水平的原因，而是语言的原因，因此作者的目的为“argue a belief”。