【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[听力原文] Industrialization came to the United States after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year—30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life. The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the change of the way in which workers made goods. Since the 1790's, North American entrepreneurs—even without technological improvements—had broadened the scope of the work system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820's and 1830's the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extent of the work system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the uppers of shoes, which were bound to the soles by skilled shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously skilled shoemakers would have made the entire shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful shoe boss and eroded workers' control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting the price. Entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modern factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the creative inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nation's largest cities, taking advantage of urban inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers. What is the talk mainly about? 讲话开头部分说制造业中出现的革新使产量得到了史无前例的提升，而后面提到“产量的大幅提升主要得益于工人的生产方式的改变”，在最后又说明新技术使工厂能够制造出大量做工精良的商品，由此可知讲话主要介绍了北美工业化时美国生产方式的改进，所以选D。B项“工业化对人们生活的影响”并不是主要内容；A项和C项内容讲话中未提及。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[听力原文] According to the talk, how did tater mills differ from the mill built by Oliver Evans? 讲话中提到，奥利弗·埃文斯制造出自动化程度很高、由水力带动的节力型磨粉机，之后还介绍了其操作流程。然后提到，生产商后来使用固定式蒸汽机带动磨粉机运行，也就是说与奥利弗·埃文斯制造的磨粉机相比，新式磨粉机采用了新技术来产生和提供动力，故选B。A项和D项内容讲话中均未提及。冷却的内容只在说到奥利弗·埃文斯制造的磨粉机时提及过，而之后的磨粉机没有提及，故排除C。