Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. (46) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. "Anthropology" derives from the Greek words "anthropos": "human" and "logos": "the study of". By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences. (47) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (48) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor"s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. (49) Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and under standing human life. Implicit within Tylor"s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. (50) Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture", like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
【正确答案】正确答案:而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而能让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
【答案解析】解析:简单复合句的译法。本句是对前文的递进。先要找到主干为humans have the ability to modify the environment,thus后的分词短语是对之的修饰。翻译过程中,要注意几个生词的意思:modify vt.更改;peculiar adj.特殊的。
【正确答案】正确答案:社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图象自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其努力。
【答案解析】解析:含多个附属从句的复合句的翻译。翻译此句主要要注意which后的定语从句,这一长句都是对主语的修饰。另外,要特别注意汉语语序与英语语序的差别。生词有:dispassioned adj.冷静的;phenomena n.现象。
【正确答案】正确答案:强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
【答案解析】解析:简单复合句的翻译。本句的难点在于把握句子的主干是"the emphasis…makes…"。on data后并列的几个过去分词短语都是对emphasis的修饰。而且,在此长定语中,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present较复杂,应注意the analysis of cultures past and present是由to引出的brought to的对象,搞清了这一点,翻译起来就简单多了。distinctly adv.清楚地,显然。
【正确答案】正确答案:泰勒把文化定义为"…一个复合整体,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯"。
【答案解析】解析:对含复杂定语从句的复合句的译法。翻译本句只要搞清了这里whole当名词理解,which引导定语从句对其进行修饰。当然,由于汉语和英语语序的差别,翻译过程中,as a member of society应放到前面。
【正确答案】正确答案:因此,人类学中"文化"概念就像数学中"集"的概念一样,是一个抽象概念,它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。
【答案解析】解析:简单复合句的译法。like the concept of "set" in mathematics是插入语,翻译时,可先分开考虑;which makes possible immense a mounts of concrete research and understanding作为定语从句,对concept进行说明。