单选题 Spain"s government is now championing a cause called "right to be forgotten". It has ordered Google to stop indexing information about 90 citizens who filed formal complaints with its Data Protection Agency. All 90 people wanted information deleted from the Web. Among them was a victim of domestic violence who discovered that her address could easily be found through Google. Another, well into middle age now, thought it was unfair that a few computer key strokes could unearth an account of her arrest in her college days.
They might not have received much of a hearing in the United States, where Google is based and where courts have consistently found that the right to publish the truth about someone"s past supersedes any right to privacy. But here, as elsewhere in Europe, an idea has taken hold —individuals should have a "right to be forgotten" on the Web.
In fact, the phrase "right to be forgotten" is being used to cover a batch of issues, ranging from those in the Spanish case to the behavior of companies seeking to make money from private information that can be collected on the Web.
Spain"s Data Protection Agency believes that search engines have altered the process by which most data ends up forgotten—and therefore adjustments need to be made. The deputy director of the agency, Jesfis Rubi, pointed to the official government gazette (公报), which used to publish every weekday, including bankruptcy auctions , official pardons, and who passed the civil service exams. Usually 220 pages of fine print, it quickly ended up gathering dust on various backroom shelves. The information was still there, but not easily accessible. Then two years ago, the 350-year-old publication went online, making it possible for embarrassing information—no matter how old—to be obtained easily.
The publisher of the government publication, Fernando Pérez, said it was meant to foster transparency . Lists of scholarship winners, for instance, make it hard for the government officials to steer all the money to their own children. "But maybe, " he said, "there is information that has a life cycle and only has value for a certain time. "
Many Europeans are broadly uncomfortable with the way personal information is found by search engines and used for commerce. When ads pop up on one"s screen, clearly linked to subjects that are of interest to him, one may find it Orwellian. A recent poll conducted by the European Union found that most Europeans agree. Three out of four said they were worried about how Internet companies used their information and wanted the right to delete personal data at any time. Ninety percent wanted the European Union to take action on the right to be forgotten.
Experts say that Google and other search engines see some of these court cases as an assault on a principle of law already established—that search engines are essentially not responsible for the information they corral from the Web, and hope the Spanish court agrees. The companies believe if there are privacy issues, the complainants should address those who posted the material on the Web. But some experts in Europe believe that search engines should probably be reined in. "They are the ones that are spreading the word. Without them no one would find these things. "

单选题 "The right to be forgotten" refers to public"s right to ______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】具体细节题
[解析] 本题考查对文章核心概念“被遗忘的权利”的理解。文章第一段其实就通过西班牙的案例揭示了这一概念的内涵。西班牙90位公民要求谷歌停止在网上提供关于他们的个人信息。可见“被遗忘的权利”是一种要求删除网上个人信息，从而使信息消失、被遗忘的权利。文章下面多处地方也以各种各样的方式在揭示这一权利的含义。[A]选项，过于狭隘，虽然第一段的例子中有一位起诉人是因为自己的犯罪记录挂在网上而起诉谷歌，但是“被遗忘的权利”并不单单指删除个人犯罪信息的权利，而是指删除任何当事人想要删除的个人信息的权利。[B]选项，注意当事人往往无法决定某一个信息是否被发到网上，因为现在互联网过于发达，随时随地都有人可能上传关于你的信息，你无法决定这些信息能不能被上传，但是“被遗忘的权利”赋予了你删除它们的权利。[C]选项错误，“被遗忘”说的是“信息被遗忘”，而和使用虚拟名字掩藏真实身份无关。[D]正确。

单选题 The aim of "the right to be forgotten" is to ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】推理引申题
[解析] 本题考查对于欧洲政府提出“被遗忘的权利”的初衷。文中提到的信息都针对的是个人信息，因此，欧洲政府提出“被遗忘的权利”，其目的是为了保护个人隐私。但保护了个人隐私在一定程度上就可能会损害信息的披露，影响言论自由，在这两个问题上欧洲政府是将民众隐私放在第一位的。据此判断[A]选项正确。[B]、[C]选项反向干扰。[D]选项，“被遗忘的权利”针对的只是个人信息，个人信息不应该在互联网上随意流传，并没有要抑制所有信息流通的意思，故该选项错误。

单选题 Jesǘs Rubí mentions official government gazette in order to illustrate that its online publication ______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】人物观点题
[解析] 本文考查对文章第四段西班牙数据保护局副局长Jesús Rubí观点的理解。他提到了政府公报，介绍了政府公报从以前一周发行一次然后被迅速遗忘到现在在网上发布电子版期间的变化，目的是为了点明互联网对于某些个人隐私的侵害。因为以前就算是令人尴尬的信息在经过很短一段时间的流通之后就会被存封起来，而现在任何进入互联网的信息都会在那里被永远地记录。[A]选项，政府披露信息的方式发生了变化，从以前的纸质材料变成了电子材料，但这并不是，Jesús Rubí想要讨论的重点。[B]选项，偷梁换柱，将第五段中人物的观点说成是Jesús Rubí的观点。[C]选项正确，提到政府公报的目的是为了揭示信息最终归属地发生的变化，也就是它的储存方式发生的变化，由无人问津的资料室变成了公开的互联网，信息储存方式的改变也决定了保护隐私的必要性。[D]选项，利用access制造干扰项，现在人们接近政府信息的途径多了，但原文并没有提到confidential information这个词。

单选题 People claim the right to be forgotten for the following reasons except ______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】因果细节题
[解析] 第三段提到“被遗忘的权利”是一种内涵很广泛的概念，人们可能是因为向西班牙事件中的受害者一样因为隐私暴露而要求这一权利，也有可能是因为隐私被网络商家利用而要求这一权利。[A]、[B]都正确。[C]选项无法直接判断出来，但是文中也有暗示。第六段作者提到人们在上网的时候，往往跳出来一些广告，这些广告明显了解上网者的爱好和需求，可见人们上网的时候被暗中监视，而人们对于这种感觉是很厌恶的。[C]正确。[D]错误，“被遗忘的权利”并不是想要向公众掩盖政府什么不可告人的秘密，而只是想维护公民个人的基本隐私权利。