单选题
A single status may have multiple roles attached to it, constituting a role set. Consider the status of a patient in a hospital. The status (1) the sick role; another role as the (2) of other patients; still another role as the "appreciative" receiver of the (3) and attention of friends and family members; one role as a consumer of newspapers, magazines, and other small items (4) from a hospital attendant; and a role as (5) of a number of friendly hospital personnel. Or consider your (6) as a family member. Your status includes a variety of roles, (7) , parent and child, uncle, spouse, and cousin. Clearly, a role does not (8) in a social vacuum; it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people. For this (9) there can be no professors without students, no husbands without wives, no whites without nonwhites, and no lawyers without (10) . Roles affect us as sets of norms that (11) our duties—the actions others can legitimately insist that we perform, and our right—the actions we can (12) insist that others perform. Every role has at least one (13) role attached to it; the rights of one role are the (14) of the other role. As we have noted, we have a social niche for the sick. Sick people have rights—our society says they do not have to (15) in usual ways until they get well. (16) sick people also have the duty to get well and "not enjoy themselves too much". The sick role also entails an (17) to another party—the physician. The physician must (18) the patient as trying to get well—this is the physician's right and the patient's duty. And the patient must see the doctor as sincere—the (19) right and the physician's duty. It should come as no surprise (20) the quality of medical care falters when patient and physician role expectations break down.
单选题
A. implies B. involves C. imposes D. interacts
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词辨析。根据段首句得知,每一种身份都有可能附带多重角色,构成了一组角色集(a role set)。接下来作者举病人身份的例子进一步说明角色集。根据上文,空格处应填入有“包括”这类意思的动词。因此B.involves“包括,包含”符合句意。A、C、D项分别表示“意味,暗示”、“强加于”、“相互作用”,均不合文意。
单选题
A. attendant B. friend C. assistant D. peer
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 考查名词辨析。本句意为:在另一个角度是其他病人的______。显然病人在医院里不可能是其他病人的attendant“护理人员”及assistant“助手”。同样,也很难说医院里的病人互相都是friend“朋友”。只有D项peer“同等地位的人”才与句意相符。the peer of other patients意为“病友”。
单选题
A. necessities B. objects C. presents D. commodities
单选题
A. by contrast B. for instance C. or else D. of course
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查短语辨析。空格后的parent and child,uncle,spouse,and cousin是前面a variety of roles的例子。因此它们之间应填入“例如”之类的词。B项for instance“例如”是插入语,符合文意。其他三项均可排除。
单选题
A. survive B. arise C. exist D. practice
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词辨析。由下一分句it is a bundle of activities that are connected with the activities of other people(许多活动与其他人的行为联系在一起)可知,角色处于同其他角色的联系中,而不是处于“社会真空”中。因此,空格中应填入表示“存在”意思的词。因此正确答案应为C项exist。
单选题
A. cause B. reason C. purpose D. sake
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查名词辨析。c项purpose“目的”与句意不符,可先排除;D项sake“缘故,理由”一般用于短语for the sake of或for sb. 's/sth. 's sake;A项cause与B项reason均可表示原因,但前者强调“事情的起因”,后者强调“理由”。从句意分析,应选B项。for this sake意为“为此,由于这个原因”。
单选题
A. rationally B. strongly C. legitimately D. theoretically
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查副词辨析。句中and连接两个并列的成分。由前一部分our duties—the actions others can legitimately insist that we perform(我们的职责即指那些他人认为我们必须做的事)可推知,后一部分的空格处也应填入legitimately,这样整个句子的意思才一致、完整。
单选题
A. reciprocal B. single C. multiple D. intricate