填空题
1. The Outer and Inner Cores
The Earth's center is an enormous ball of superheated nickel and iron that is called the core and has two main parts: the outer core and the inner core. While not identical, both play important roles in heating the inner Earth and in maintaining the planet's magnetic field. Younger than the Earth itself, the core was created 500 million years after the planet's formation. Due to radioactive decay inside the Earth and the heat left over from the space rock collisions which formed the planet, the interior became extremely hot. This created movement in the planet's interior as heavy elements such as iron and nickel melted, gravitated to the planet's center, and formed the core.
The outer core is mostly comprised of liquid iron and nickel and lies between the mantle and the inner core. It starts roughly 2,900 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface, is approximately 2,200 kilometers thick, and has temperatures anywhere between 4,500 and 5,500 degrees Celsius. As a result, the metals there are in a viscous state so are highly malleable and in constant flux. This creates waves of convection forces, which play a major role in creating the Earth's magnetic field. Without it, life on the planet would not be possible since it protects the Earth's ozone layer from dangerous solar winds and ionized particles by deflecting them. If these particles managed to strike the ozone layer, they would rapidly destroy it and thereby allow harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the planet's surface.
The inner core is also mostly iron and nickel yet is solid. It is roughly 1,220 kilometers in diameter, and its temperature reaches around 5,200 degrees Celsius. Despite this high temperature, the incredible pressure placed on the inner core by the weight of the planet prevents the atoms in the metals there from transforming from solids into liquids. Like the outer core, the inner core also moves, but it rotates rather than move in convection waves. The inner core revolves eastward—the same direction as the surface—but moves at a slightly faster rate than the planet does.
*magnetic field: an electrically charged field which stretches from the interior of the Earth to an area into outer space and which protects the planet from various forces
*convection: the transfer of heat through the movement of heated liquids or gases
Select the appropriate statements from the answer choices and match them to the part of the Earth's core to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used.
The Earth's center is an enormous ball of superheated nickel and iron that is called the core and has two main parts: the outer core and the inner core. While not identical, both play important roles in heating the inner Earth and in maintaining the planet's magnetic field. Younger than the Earth itself, the core was created 500 million years after the planet's formation. Due to radioactive decay inside the Earth and the heat left over from the space rock collisions which formed the planet, the interior became extremely hot. This created movement in the planet's interior as heavy elements such as iron and nickel melted, gravitated to the planet's center, and formed the core.
The outer core is mostly comprised of liquid iron and nickel and lies between the mantle and the inner core. It starts roughly 2,900 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface, is approximately 2,200 kilometers thick, and has temperatures anywhere between 4,500 and 5,500 degrees Celsius. As a result, the metals there are in a viscous state so are highly malleable and in constant flux. This creates waves of convection forces, which play a major role in creating the Earth's magnetic field. Without it, life on the planet would not be possible since it protects the Earth's ozone layer from dangerous solar winds and ionized particles by deflecting them. If these particles managed to strike the ozone layer, they would rapidly destroy it and thereby allow harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the planet's surface.
The inner core is also mostly iron and nickel yet is solid. It is roughly 1,220 kilometers in diameter, and its temperature reaches around 5,200 degrees Celsius. Despite this high temperature, the incredible pressure placed on the inner core by the weight of the planet prevents the atoms in the metals there from transforming from solids into liquids. Like the outer core, the inner core also moves, but it rotates rather than move in convection waves. The inner core revolves eastward—the same direction as the surface—but moves at a slightly faster rate than the planet does.
*magnetic field: an electrically charged field which stretches from the interior of the Earth to an area into outer space and which protects the planet from various forces
*convection: the transfer of heat through the movement of heated liquids or gases
Select the appropriate statements from the answer choices and match them to the part of the Earth's core to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used.
- 1、
【正确答案】
1、Outer Core: ①, ⑤, ⑦
Inner core: ③, ④
Inner core: ③, ④
【答案解析】 About the outer core, the passage reads, "The outer core is mostly comprised of liquid iron and nickel," (①) and, "This creates waves of convection forces, which play a major role in creating the Earth's magnetic field." (⑤) It also notes, "It starts roughly 2,900 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface, is approximately 2,200 kilometers thick, and has temperatures anywhere between 4,500 and 5,500 degrees Celsius." (⑦) As for the inner core, the author writes, "The inner core revolves eastward—the same direction as the surface—but moves at a slightly faster rate than the planet does," (③) and, "The inner core is also mostly iron and nickel yet is solid. It is roughly 1,220 kilometers in diameter, and its temperature reaches around 5,200 degrees Celsius. Despite this high temperature, the incredible pressure placed on the inner core by the weight of the planet prevents the atoms in the metals there from transforming from solids into liquids." (④)