听力原文：
Recording Two

Now, believe it or not. People sometimes lie in order to maintain a good honest reputation, —even if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.
Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month, you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you'd claim in your expense report?
The scientist asked this exact question as part of the study we're discussing today. With surprising results, they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about their number of miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed.
The researchers believe this was to seem honest, with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim. But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? The researchers explained that many people carry a great deal about their reputation and how they'll be judged by others. If they care enough, they concerned about appearing honest and not losing their respect of others. Maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest.
The researchers assert that they find a new suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes. They anticipate other people's suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.
So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agreed there are two main types of lie, selfish liars and liars that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company, while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others. For example, telling a friend whose outfit you don't like that they look great.
But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying, lying to maintain a good reputation. Now this hypothesis is new and some skeptics argue that this isn't a whole new category of lie.
The findings seem intuitive to me. After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others, so it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.

Q19：What did a team of scientists find in their study?

细节辨认题。讲座开头提到科学家的一项发现：人们有时不惜以损害自己利益为代价，为维护自己诚实的名声而撒谎。调查假设了这样的情景：开车、上班每月超过400英里会得到一定的补偿，在大多数人驾驶300英里的情况下，被调查对象这个月实际驾驶400英里，报销单上报销多少英里：结果12%的人上报的里程数小于实际里程数，换句话说，他们谎报了里程数。

听力原文：
Recording Two

Now, believe it or not. People sometimes lie in order to maintain a good honest reputation, —even if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.
Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month, you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you'd claim in your expense report?
The scientist asked this exact question as part of the study we're discussing today. With surprising results, they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about their number of miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed.
The researchers believe this was to seem honest, with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim. But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? The researchers explained that many people carry a great deal about their reputation and how they'll be judged by others. If they care enough, they concerned about appearing honest and not losing their respect of others. Maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest.
The researchers assert that they find a new suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes. They anticipate other people's suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.
So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agreed there are two main types of lie, selfish liars and liars that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company, while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others. For example, telling a friend whose outfit you don't like that they look great.
But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying, lying to maintain a good reputation. Now this hypothesis is new and some skeptics argue that this isn't a whole new category of lie.
The findings seem intuitive to me. After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others, so it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.

Q20：Why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment according to the researchers?

目的原因题。讲座中研究者解释了人们宁可牺牲自己的利益而谎报里程数的做法，这些人非常在意自己诚实的名声，以及别人如何看待自己。

听力原文：
Recording Two

Now, believe it or not. People sometimes lie in order to maintain a good honest reputation, —even if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.
Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month, you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you'd claim in your expense report?
The scientist asked this exact question as part of the study we're discussing today. With surprising results, they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about their number of miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed.
The researchers believe this was to seem honest, with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim. But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? The researchers explained that many people carry a great deal about their reputation and how they'll be judged by others. If they care enough, they concerned about appearing honest and not losing their respect of others. Maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest.
The researchers assert that they find a new suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes. They anticipate other people's suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.
So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agreed there are two main types of lie, selfish liars and liars that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company, while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others. For example, telling a friend whose outfit you don't like that they look great.
But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying, lying to maintain a good reputation. Now this hypothesis is new and some skeptics argue that this isn't a whole new category of lie.
The findings seem intuitive to me. After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others, so it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.

Q21：What does the speaker think of the researchers' findings?

细节辨认题。讲座最后提到，讲话者认为这种结论具有直觉性。毕竟，说谎的主要动机之一是为了增加我们在别人眼中的价值，所以人们很可能会为了看起来诚实而说谎。