【正确答案】正确答案：According to Halliday, the adult"s language becomes much more complex and it has to serve man-y more functions, and the original functional is gradually reduced to a set of highly coded and abstract functions, which are three metafunctions: the ideational, the interpersonal, and the textual functions. First, the ideational function("experiential" and "logical")is to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer. Present in all language uses, the ideational function is a meaning potential, because whatever specific use one is making of language he has to refer to categories of his experience of the world. The ideational function mainly consists of "transitivity" and "voice". This function not only specifies the available options in meaning but also determines the nature of their structural realisations. For example, John built a new house can be analysed as a configuration of the function roles; Actor; John Process; Material; creation: built Goal; affected; a new house Second, the interpersonal function embodies all uses of language to express social and personal relations. This includes the various ways the speaker enters a speech situation and performs a speech act. Because the clause is not confined to the expression of transitivity, there are non-ideational elements in the adult language system. Interpersonal function is realised by mood and modality. Mood shows what role the speaker selects in the speech situation and what role he assigns to the addressee. If the speaker selects the imperative mood, he assumes the role of one giving commands and puts the addressee in the role of one expected to obey orders. Modality specifies if the speaker is expressing his judgement or making a prediction. For example, " Give me that teapot!" Mood is made up of two parts: the "Subject" and the "Finite" element. The subject can be a noun, a noun phrase, or a clause. Third, the textual function refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences. Although two sentences may have exactly the same ideational and interpersonal functions, they may be different in terms of textual coherence. The textual function fulfils the requirement that language should be operationally relevant, having texture in a real context of situation that distinguishes a living passage from a mere entry ina grammar or a dictionary. It provides the remaining strands of meaning potential to be woven into the fabric of linguistic structure. For example, analyze the sentence " John likes linguistics. " on three levels of metafunc-tions. [*]

【答案解析】解析：（考查韩礼德功能语法中三项元功能，并举例说明。)