Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to a different tradition. The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyak, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of people function in the lives of the individuals. Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.
单选题 According to the passage, we can say that anthropology______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】解析：本题答案在文章第一段。在文章的第一句话中作者讲到：人类学是把人类作为社会动物进行研究的科学。所以B项符合文章的意思。本段的第二句话讲到：人类学关注那些自然特征和产业技术，关注那些习俗和价值观——这些东西使得一个社会区别于属于不同传统的所有其他社会。这句话只是说明了人类学通过了解自然特征和产业技术等方面来研究社会和社会之间的区别和联系，既不是研究人类和自然的关系，也不是研究人类和其他生物之间的关系。所以C、D项不对。文中对A项的内容没有提到。所以本题的正确答案为B。
单选题 For serious study, an anthropologist______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】解析：文章第二段讲人类学家的有关研究。讲到人类学家研究的范围包括我们这个社会之外的其他社会，可见B项正确。还讲到研究社会的交配和繁殖规则，尽管这些规则与我们的历史文明没有关系，可见A项不对。再讲到人类学家一定会避免任何重视一种习俗、支持其他习俗的做法，不能推出他不应该歧视其他社会的说法，所以C项也不对。D项与文章意思不符。所以应该选B。
单选题 Which of the following does the author most probably agree with?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析：文章第二段中提到：人类学家对人类的行为感兴趣，不是因为这种行为是由一种传统形成的，而是因为它是由任何一种传统形成的。他对发现于不同文化之中的许多习俗都感兴趣，他的目的就是要了解这些文化变更和分化的方式，了解这些文化表现自己的不同形式，了解民族习俗在个人的生活中起作用的方式。由这几句可以推出A、B、C项都是作者同意的观点。所以本题的正确答案为D。
单选题 In the third paragraph, the author is trying______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析：在第三段作者提到“The fact of first—rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief，and the very great varieties it may manifest．”可见作者着重强调的是习俗在人的经验和信仰中所起的作用。C项符合文章的意思。在文中并没有批评习俗，所以A项不对。文中也没有要让我们注意习俗，所以D项不对。B项不是文中表述的内容。所以本题的正确答案为C。
单选题 Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析：本题考查的是对文章主旨的把握。纵观全文，第一段讲到：人类学关注那些自然特征和产业技术，关注那些习俗和价值观。第二段讲到：人类学家对人类的行为感兴趣，对发现于不同文化中的习俗感兴趣。研究多种社会习俗以了解人类文化变更和分化的方式，人类怎样表达他们的思想感情，习俗在个人生活中所起的作用等。最后一段讲到：我们对习俗这种行为方式的认识。可见，本文主要讲的是对人类行为的研究。A、B、D项都只是文章所提到的部分内容，不能用作文章的标题。所以本题的正确答案为C。