【正确答案】正确答案：Lexical change includes invention, blending, abbreviation, acronym, back-formation, analogical creation, borrowing, compound and derivation. a. Coinage: it is the invention of totally new terms. The most typical sources are invented trade names of one company's product that become general terms for any version of that product. Such as Kleenex, Teflon and Xerox. b. Borrowing: it is the taking over of words from other languages. The English language has adopted a vast number of words from other languages, such as encore, which is borrowed from French. c. Compounding; it is the process of a joining of two separate words to produce a single form. For example, "fingerprint" is composed of "finger" and "print". d. Blending: blending is typically accomplished by jointing part of one word to the other whole word or other part of the word. For example, the word smog is formed by combing parts of two words "smoke" and "fog". e. Clipping: it occurs when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form. Common example is like ad ("advertisement"). f. Back-formation: it is a specialized type of word formation in which new words are coined from already existing words by "subtracting" an affix thought to be part of the old word. For example, the noun television first came into use and then the verb televise was created from it. g. Analogical creation. It refers to the phenomenon that a new word or a new phrase is coined by analogy between a newly created one and an existing one. For example, "marathon" appeared at the First Olympic Games and by analogy modern English created such words as "telethon ", "talkthon". h. Acronyms: some new words, known as acronyms, are formed form the initial letters of a set of other words. These can remain essentially "alphabetisims" such as CD (compact disk) where the pronunciation consists of the set of letters. More typically, acronyms are pronounced as single words, as in NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). i. Derivation: it is the process of forming new words by adding prefixes, infixes or suffixes to the root. For example, the prefix un- is added to pleasant to form "unpleasant"; the suffix -able is used to form 'predictable'.