翻译题
Economics is meant to offer an objective way of looking at the world. But some worry that it falls short Proponents of feminist economics believe that, both in terms of methodology and focus, economics is too much of a man's world. This is not just because women are under-represented in the science. 【F1】They also, perhaps more importantly, worry that by asking the wrong questions, economics has cemented (consolidated') gender inequality rather than helping to solve it. How do feminist economists want to change it? According to Alfred Marshall, a founding father of the science, economics is "the study of men as they live and think and move in the ordinary business of life." 【F2】Mr. Marshall's casual allusion to "men" captures what feminist economists believe is the first major problem with economics, a habit of ignoring women. The economy, they argue, is often thought of as the world of money, machines and men. This is reflected in how GDP is measured. Wage labor is included; unpaid work at home is not. 【F3】Not only is this way of measuring GDP arbitrary (care is included in "production" when paid for on the market, but not when supplied infonnally), but because women contribute the bulk of care around the world, it also systematically undervalues their contribution to society. When it comes to public policy, feminist economists think that gender equality is valuable in and of itself, not just as a means of promoting growth. They also consider the effects of public policy on women. Feminist economics also criticizes the methods used within the standard models taught to undergraduates for overlooking fundamental drivers of gender inequality. 【F4】Feminist economists might point out that if a woman's preferences have been formed by a society with strong ideas about what women should do, then presenting her choice as a free one could be misleading. Proponents of feminist economics have won many battles. 【F5】GDP might still not include unpaid care, but increasingly international agencies like the United Nations rely on broader measures of progress than cash income, including health and wellbeing. Julie Nelson, a feminist economist, writes in the Journal of Economic Perspectives that "many readers may have discovered that they are already doing 'feminist economics' in some ways, although they have preferred to think of themselves as just doing 'good economies'". Indeed, feminist economists wish they lived in a world where the label need not exist.
【答案解析】①此句是包含宾语从句的复合句。主句主干为They worry that…，that引导从句作worry的宾语，具体说明担心什么。②前两个逗号间的perhaps more importantly为插入语，起补充说明作用。③by asking the wrong questions是宾语从句中的方式状语，表示提出错误问题这种方式。④rather than意为“而不是”，后接动词-ing形式作状语。
【答案解析】①此句虽不算太长，但结构较复杂。to“men”作后置定语，修饰主语allusion。②captures的宾语由what引导的名词性从句充当，此名词性从句中，feminist economists believe可视为插入成分，表明该名词性从句所述的问题是何人的看法。③逗号后的名词短语是前面major problem with economics的同位语，起补充说明此主要问题的作用。
【答案解析】①本句是并列复合句，由not only…but(also)…结构连接两个对等成分，not only后的分句为倒装句，还原为正常语序为this way of measuring GDP is not only arbitrary。②括号中的句子是对括号前分句内容的补充说明，即说明为何国内生产总值的这种计算方式是随意武断的；两个when均引导时间状语，后面的not为省略形式，完整形式应为not included in“production”。③because引导原因状语从句；bulk of．．．表示“大量的”，care表示“照料，护理”，此处与paid for连用，宜理解为“护理类工作”；production常表示“生产，产量”，此处与国内生产总值的计算相关，理解为“产值”更合适。④it指代句子前部的this way of measuring GDP。
【答案解析】①本句为多重复合句。主句主干为主谓宾结构，that引导从句作point out的宾语，point out意为“指出，指明”。②that引导的宾语从句也是一个复合句，其中包含if引导的条件状语从句；with strong ideas作后置定语修饰society。about what women should do作后置定语修饰ideas。③宾语从句的主句主语为动名词短语presenting her choice as a free one，one是对choice的指代。
【答案解析】①此句是由转接连词but连接的并列句，两个分句均为主谓宾结构。②like the United Nations是对international agencies的举例说明；rely on意为“依赖”，broader measures of progress than…可理解为相当于more measures of progress than…，即rely on broader measures of progress than cash income可理解为“依靠更广泛的计算方式，而不仅限于现金收入”。③increasingly“越来越多地”。④the United Nations意为“联合国”，wellbeing意为“福利”。