翻译题
In my view, the main reason for the uneven management sex ratio is our inability to discern between confidence and competence. 【F1】That is, because we (people in general) commonly misinterpret displays of confidence as a sign of competence, we are fooled into believing that men are better leaders than women. In other words, when it comes to leadership, the only advantage that men have over women (e.g., from Argentina to Norway and the USA to Japan) is the fact that manifestations of arrogance—often masked as the powerful personality or charm—are commonly mistaken for leadership potential, and that these occur much more frequently in men than in women. 【F2】The truth of the matter is that pretty much anywhere in the world men tend to think that they are much smarter than women. Yet arrogance and overconfidence are inversely related to leadership talent—the ability to build and maintain high-performing teams, and to inspire followers to set aside their selfish agendas in order to work for the common interest of the group. 【F3】Indeed, whether in sports, politics or business, the best leaders are usually humble—and whether through nature or nurture, humility is a much more common feature in women than men. For example, women outperform men on emotional intelligence, which is a strong driver of modest behaviors. 【F4】Furthermore, a quantitative review of gender differences in personality involving more than 23,000 participants in 26 cultures indicated that women are more sensitive, considerate, and humble than men, which is arguably one of the least counter-intuitive findings in the social sciences. 【F5】Most of the character traits that are truly advantageous for effective leadership are predominantly found in those who fail to impress others about their talent for management. This is especially true for women. Female managers are more likely to get respect and pride from their followers, communicate their vision effectively, empower and mentor subordinates, and approach problem-solving in a more flexible and creative way, as well as fairly reward direct reports. In contrast, male managers are statistically less likely to bond or connect with their subordinates, and they are relatively more incompetent at rewarding them for their actual performance. So it struck me as a little odd that so much of the recent debate over getting women to "lean in" has focused on getting them to adopt more of these abnormal leadership traits. Yes, these are the people we often choose as our leaders—but should they be?
【答案解析】①本句是主从复合句，带有一个原因状语从句，主句包含一个宾语从句。②句首的That is是插入语，意为“也就是，换句话说”。because引导原因状语从句，谓语是misinterpret sth．as sth．结构，意为“误将……当作……”。③主句的谓语是be fooled into doing sth．结构，意为“被愚弄做某事”。句末that引导从句作believing的宾语，说明人们误信的内容。
问答题12.【F2】
【正确答案】实际上，几乎全世界的男性会觉得自己比女性聪明得多。
【答案解析】①本句是主从复合句，表语从句里嵌套了一个宾语从句。句子的主干是The truth of the matter is that…，意为“事情的真相是……”。②第一个that引导的是表语从句，说明真相的内容。③第二个that引导的是宾语从句，作动词think的宾语。从句的主语they指代前面的men，表示男性自认为比女性更聪明。
【答案解析】①本句是主从复合句，句子的主干为a quantitative review of gender differences．．．indicated that．．．意为“一项针对性别影响人格的定量研究指出……”。②现在分词短语involving more than…作后置定语，修饰review，进一步说明这项研究的参与对象及其文化背景。③that引导的是宾语从句，作indicated的宾语，引出研究发现的具体内容。④which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰的是前面的整个句子，即是这项研究的结果。
问答题15.【F5】
【正确答案】大部分真正对高效领导有利的性格特征主要出现在那些无法让别人记住自己管理天赋的人身上。
【答案解析】①本句是主从复合句，句子的主干是Most of the character traits…are predominantly found in those…，意为“大部分……的性格特征主要出现在那些……的人身上”。②that引导的定语从句1修饰character traits，说明“这是真正有利于高效领导的性格特征”。③who引导的定语从句2修饰those，指那些“无法让别人记住自己管理天赋的人”。