单选题 In s perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However. if there is discrimination against one sex. it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus one would expect that. if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on women's earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs's results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal.
In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis. Brown selected a large sample of White male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities.) Brown's research design controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the study's results. Brown's results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.
One can infer from Brown's results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.
Brown's results are clearly consistent with Fuchs's argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on women's earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.

单选题 The author would be most likely to agree with which of the following conclusions?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[注释] 作者观点题。本题问：作者最可能同意下面哪一个结论?第1段第2句写道：“然而，假如存在对某一种性别的歧视，政府雇主和私营雇主的歧视程度不可能是相同的。”第4句又写道：“由于政府雇主和私营雇主的性质不同，私营雇主的歧视可能会更大些了。”可见，[B]符合上述句意。
单选题 According to Brown's study, women's, earnings categories occur in which of the following orders, from highest earnings to lowest earnings?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[注释] 细节推理题。本题问：根据布朗的研究，妇女的收入范畴从高到低应是下面哪一种顺序?解这类题，首先要注意题干中的信息信号词：Brown's study，women's earnings categories，orders。根据上述信号词，为所找信息进行段落定位；第2段最后三句。这三句写道：“布朗的研究成果表明，雇主与消费者对待男子与女子的态度不同。对男子而言，个体经营收入最高，私营企业工作其次，政府单位工作最低。对于女子来说，这个顺序正好倒过来了。”可见，[C]符合此意。
单选题 The text mentions all of the following as difficulties that self-employed women may encounter EXCEPT
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[注释] 细节辨认题。本题问：下面哪一点不是本文提到的个体经营妇女所遇到的困难?第3段写道：“人们可以从布朗的研究成果中推理，消费者歧视个体经营的妇女。此外，个体经营的妇女比男子在雇用优秀雇员方面会遇到更多的困难，还可能遇、到来自供货商和金融机构方面的歧视。”可见，只有[D]“在得到政府帮助方面所遇到的困难”文中没有提到。
单选题 It can be inferred from the text that what is stated in the last paragraph is most probably
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[注释] 总结归纳题。本题问：从本文可以推理，最后一段中所叙述的内容很可能是什么?最后一段一开头作者就提到，布朗的研究成果与法克的论据是明显一致的。接着说到，私人雇主歧视妇女，但这不等于说，政府雇主不歧视。可是，对比之下，私人雇主的歧视对妇女收入的影响更大。由此可见，最后一段的内容是作者根据布朗和法克的研究成果而得出的结论。[D]表达的即为此意。
单选题 The best title which describes the content of the text as a whole would be
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[注释] 全文主旨题。从全文内容来看，本文阐述了政府雇主、私人雇主和消费者对妇女收入的影响。解这类题的技巧是：抓两头，带中间。首先要抓住第1段中的主题信息句，即第一段第4句：Given the nature of government and private employers， it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.然后，抓住全文的结论句：They do，however，demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women，its discrimination is not having so much effect on women's earnings as is discrimination in the private sector. 接着扫描第2段，抓住段落主题句：In addition，both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. 扫描第3段，抓住关键词：Brown's results。最后进行综合归纳，从4个选项中排除片面、笼统、杜撰的干扰项，选取一个最具概括力的选项。这样，你就能披荆斩棘，所向披靡。胜利永远是属于你的!