What do we learn from the passage about the lift-off of spacecraft?

关于航天器的发射，我们从文章中了解到什么?

A)它通常需要多年的准备工作。

B)它对环境造成诸多危害。

C)它经常要消耗三百多吨精炼燃料。

D)它被证明是太空任务中最复杂的阶段。

文章开头提到，发射阶段通常是任何太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段，大量燃料在几分钟内就会燃烧殆尽。除了温室气体之外，火箭发动机还会排放破坏臭氧层的微粒。由此可知，航天器在发射升空时，既会产生大量温室气体，又会对臭氧层造成损害，选项B与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。文中提及太空探索技术公司的“猎鹰9号”火箭消耗112吨精炼燃料并排放约336吨二氧化碳这一具体实例，而选项C正是依据此例中的特定数据信息所设置的干扰项，但其不能代表所有航天器发射升空时的普遍情况，且选项中的数据与这一实例也不相符，故排除。根据文章内容，航天器的发射阶段是太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段，而非最复杂的阶段，故排除选项D。

What happens traditionally to boosters, fuel tanks and other components in spaceflight?

在航天飞行中，助推器、燃料箱和其他部件传统上是如何处理的?

A)它们在外太空被烧毁。

B)它们被引导回地球。

C)它们可以被重复使用多达100次。

D)它们被当作消耗品。

文章中提到，传统上，助推器、燃料箱和其他部件都被视作消耗品。选项D与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项A文章中未提及，故排除。选项B和C描述的情况均是针对“猎鹰9号”的部件而言的处理方式，并非题目所指的传统航天飞行中对这些部件的处理方法，所以这两个选项也不符合题意，故排除。

What does the passage say we already have regarding spaceflight?

这篇文章提到在航天飞行方面我们已经拥有什么(技术)?

A)带回太空飞行器用于回收利用的新技术。

B)满足商业太空旅行需求的技术。

C)许多可以限制太空旅行对地球影响的技术。

D)有效保护臭氧层免遭破坏的技术。

文章最后提到，我们已经拥有了许多必要的技术，可用于开始限制太空旅行对地球的影响。选项C与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项A、B和D文章中均未提及，故排除。

听力原文：

Passage One

 Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes. For instance, SpaceX’s Falcon 9 gets through 112 tonnes of refined fuel, emitting about 336 tonnes of CO2. This is the equivalent produced by your average car driving almost 70 times around the world. 

As well as greenhouse gases, rocket engines emit particles that destroy ozone. These issues are growing more pressing with the emergence of commercial spaceflight. There were 114 space launches in 2020, but there may be up to 1,000 per year in future.

Sustainable fuels are the top priority to enable greener space travel. Current spacecraft use a variety of fuels, but most are based on fossil fuels. One potentially greener option is liquid hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be obtained sustainably by using solar power to break water down into oxygen and hydrogen.

Reusable rockets can cut down on some of the waste associated with spaceflight.  Traditionally, boosters, fuel tanks and other components are treated as expendable. But guiding them back to Earth in a controlled manner opens new possibilities-most components from the Falcon 9 can be reused up to 100 times.

Truly environmentally friendly space travel is still some way off. But we already have many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet.