单选题 {{B}}Text 4{{/B}}
Erroneous virtues are running out of control in our culture. I don't know how many times my 13-year-old son has told me about classmates who received $10 for each "A" grade on their report cards—hinting that I should do the same for him should he ever receive an A. Whenever he approaches me on this subject, I give him the same reply: forget it! This is not to say that I would never praise my son for doing well in school. But my praise is not meant to reward or elicit future achievements, but rather to express my genuine delight in the satisfaction he feels at having done his best. Doling out $10 sends out the message that the feeling alone isn't good enough.
As a society, we seem to be on the brink of losing our internal control—the ethical boundaries that guide our actions and feelings. Instead, these ethical standards have been eclipsed by external "stuff" as a measure of our worth. We pass this obscene message on to our children. We offer them money for learning how to convert fractions to decimals. Refreshments are given as a reward for reading. In fact, in one national reading program, a party awaits the entire class if each child reads a certain number of books within a four-month period. We call these things incentives, telling ourselves that if we can just reel them in and get them hooked, then the internal rewards will follow.
I recently saw a television program where unmarried, teenage mothers were featured as the participants in a program that offers a $10 a week "incentive" if these young women don't get pregnant again. Isn't the daily plight of being a single, teenaged mother enough to discourage them from becoming pregnant again? No, it isn't, because we as a society won't allow it to be. Nothing is permitted to succeed or fail on its own merits anymore.
A staple diet of candy bars makes an ordinary apple or orange seem sour. Similarly, an endless parade of incentives corrodes our ability to feel a genuine sense of inner peace (or inner conflict). The simple virtues of honesty, kindness and integrity suffer from an image problem and are in desperate need of better publicity. One way to do this is by example. I fear that in our so-called upwardly mobile world we are on a downward spiral towards becoming morally bankrupt. We may soon render ourselves worthless inside, while desperately clinging to a shell of appearances.
单选题 How does the author react to her son's "A" grade on the report card each time?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】本题是细节题,参见文章第1段:This is not to say that I would never praise my son for doing well in school.But my praise is not meant to reward or elicit future achievements, but rather to express my genuine delight in the satisfaction he feels at having done his best.意思是:这并不是说儿子在学校功课不错时我也从不表扬他。但我的表扬并不意味着奖赏或者诱使他在将来取得好成绩,而是对他尽了最大努力、对自己感到满意而表达出我真正的喜悦。故正确答案为D。
单选题 The ethical standards have been eclipsed by external "stuff", as shown in the case of ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题是细节题,本题题干问的是,伦理标准被外部“物质”蒙上一层阴影,其具体表现是……根据文章第2段第2句Instead,these ethical standards have been eclipsed by external“stuff”as a measure of our worth可知,这指的是前一段的物资刺激,具体来说,孩子每得一个“A”就给10美元。
单选题 According to the author, improper incentives include all the following EXCEPT ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】本题是细节题,参见文章第2段末:We call these things incentives,telling ourselves that if we can just reel them in and get them hooked,then the internal rewards will follow.意思是:我们将这些东西称作刺激,自认为只要将他们拢住、让他们上钩,紧接着就会有内在的奖赏。选项D不属incentives之类的东西,故应排除。
单选题 The author's attitude toward the "incentive" to the unmarried, teenage mothers is ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题是主旨题,参见文章第3段。这段话的大意是:一个电视节目报道了一群十几岁的未婚妈妈,她们参加了一个节目,只要她们不再怀孕,每人每周就会得到10美元的“刺激”。难道这些单身未成年妈妈每天所遭受的悲惨处境还不足以警示她们、使她们不再怀孕吗?不,这哪行呢,因为我们这个社会不允许这样的事情发生。由此可见作者对这种做法的不赞成态度。
单选题 From the last paragraph we may conclude that the author ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题是推论题,参见文中最后一段的最后两句话。其大意是:我担心在这个所谓向上移动的世界上,我们的道德水准在盘旋下降,几近崩溃。就在我们拼命地紧抓着一副表面的空壳不放的同时,或许很快就会从内心深处感到自己一文不值。