阅读理解 Excerpt 1:
What does an economist think of that? A lot depends on whether the economist is a man or a woman. A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation's professional economists, a divide similar—and in some cases bigger—than the gender divide found in the general public. Differences extend to core professional beliefs—such as the effect of minimum wage laws—not just matters of political opinion.
Excerpt 2:
Opinion differences between men and women are well-documented in the general public. President Obama leads Mitt Romney by 10 percentage points among women. Romney leads Obama by 3 percentage points among men, according to the latest Gallup Poll.
Excerpt 3:
Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research , says male economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other's anti-regulation views. Women, as outsiders, "are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of the economics profession as forming their peer group," he says.
Excerpt 4:
A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention early in her life but changed her mind after studying economics. "We want many of the same things as liberals— less poverty, more health care—but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it. "
Excerpt 5:
Female economists tend to favor a bigger role for government while male economists have greater faith in business and the marketplace. Is the U. S. economy excessively regulated? Sixty-five percent of female economists said " no" —24 percentage points higher than male economists. " It's very puzzling," says free-market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University in Fairfax, Va. "Not a day goes by that I don't ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free-market side. "
Excerpt 6:
The gender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates now go to women. The chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers has been a woman three of 27 times since 1946—one advising Obama and two advising Bill Clinton. The Federal Reserve Board of Governors has three women, bringing the total to eight of 90 members since 1914.
Excerpt 7:
The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result of individuals' skills, experience and voluntary choices while female economists overwhelmingly disagree. The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favor men. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral.

单选题 18.Gender differences between male and female economists can be observed in the following aspects EXCEPT______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】 细节题中的NOT TRUE题型或EXCEPT题型。可套用公式：正确答案≠原文中某一句话的表达。首先，根据题干关键词Gender differences between male and female economists回原文中定位，A选项出现在Excerpt 1的最后一句中，C选项出现在Excerpt 7的第一句中，D选项出现在Excerpt 5的第一句中，这三个选项都是男性、女性经济学家的差异所在，因此都可以排除。根据B选项political preferences in presidential election(总统选举中的政治倾向)回到原文Excerpt 2中可以发现这是在普通大众身上体现出来的性别差异，不符合题目要求，所以B是正确答案。

单选题 19.The majority of female economists tend to agree that______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】 推断题。首先，要读懂题目，本题问的是大多数女性经济学家会赞同哪种观点。其次，要抓住本题的做题关键，即能够准确区分哪些是男性经济学家的观点，哪些是女性经济学家的观点，然后可以结合排除法做题。根据答案选项中的题干关键词分别回原文中定位可以发现：Excerpt 5的第一句表明了A选项business and the marketplace should play a bigger role in economy(商界和市场可以在经济中发挥更大的作用)是男性经济学家的观点，而女性经济学家则认为政府该扮演更重要的角色，与此不符。根据Excerpt 5中的Is the U．S．economy excessively regulated?Sixty-five percent of female economists said“no”这一问一答可以发现提到的B选项the U．S．economy is excessively regulated by the government(美国经济受到了政府的过度调控)与原文表述不符，不是女性经济学家的观点。根据Excerpt 5中的最后一句Not a day goes by that I don’t ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free-market side可以判断大多数女性经济学家是不支持自由市场的，所以C选项free market should be greatly encouraged to boost the U．S．economy(应该大力发展自由市场来振兴美国经济)也不是女性经济学家的观点。根据D选项中的关键词the wage gap between men and women回原文中定位，可以发现它出现在Excerpt 7中，根据原文的表述Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result of individuals’skills，experience and voluntary choices while female economists overwhelmingly disagree，以及Excerpt 7主要讨论的男女经济学家最大的差异是在对待equality for women(男女平等问题)上，结合逻辑推断题公式可以得出以下结论：女经济学家认为男女工资的差异主要不是由个人能力等原因引起的，而是由于男女差异、男女不平等引起的，所以D是正确答案。