单选题 Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new Jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sum needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-terra finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business is new development if they are to serve us properly, and requires more money than is raised through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back he does not have to go .to the company with which he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker (证券经纪人) to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, equipment and new development, if they are to serve us properly, require more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and then too, come to the Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance. (353 words)

单选题 Almost all companies involved in new production and development must ______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为细节题。细节题先定位题干相关的内容，然后提取信息。文章第一段中，“So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits.”由这句话可知，公司都向大众募集资金，因此D项正确。A选项文中没有提及，B和C选项正好相反。

单选题 The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is ______.

单选题 When the savers want their money back they ______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为细节分析题。文中第二段就是对此题目进行说明。依据“...he sells his shares through a stockbroker (证券经纪人) to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.”可知，通过证券经纪人出售股票，即可回笼资金，因此C项正确。A、B和D选项文中均为提及，属无中生有。

单选题 All the essential services on which we depend are ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为分析推断题。A选项具有迷惑性，依据文中第三段“Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities.”可知，为大多数服务由政府或当地机构提供，所以与题干中给出的所有服务不符，故排除。C和D选项依据文中某些题无中生有，排除。根据文中第三段第二句话中的“Hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, equipment and new development, if they are to serve us properly, require more money than is raised through taxes alone.”可知，所有服务都需要更多资金维持更好的运营。据此可知，B项正确。

单选题 The Stock exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries ______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 本题为细节题。文中最后一句话提到“The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.”从中可知，证券交易所提供了一个平台，将人们的存款提供给需要资金的企业。由此可得出C项正确。此外，A、B和D选项属无中生有，文中并没有提及。