翻译题
What do readers expect when they pick up a book that has been labelled a "classic"? Looking at the variety of classic fiction published in beautiful editions by The Folio Society, I am struck by what a broad field the term covers: historical fiction, comic novels, romances, horror stories, thrillers, satire, fantasy, science fiction and books that combine some or all of these genres. 【F1】The only thing that unites them is that they have been loved and championed by readers for decades, or even centuries. One such novel is Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, first published in 1813 and still admired today. 【F2】Academics continue to write scholarly articles about its crucial place in the development of the novel, while its most recent adaptation attracted a new generation of teenage fans. But at the heart of each re-imagining is what Austen brought to the tale: a sharp wit, engaging characters and a keen observation of human nature. In a new introduction to the Folio edition the novelist Sebastian Faulks admires the way in which Austen's book has "withstood... attempts to define it as a 'fairy tale'". Its unique place in English literature is celebrated in the striking cover design and illustrations, while the novel's famous opening line gives us a hint of Austen's distinctive voice. Charlotte Bronte's novel Jane Eyre shares some themes with Austen's masterpiece. But where Austen writes with a lightness of touch, Bronte's story is full of fierce passion and heightened emotion. 【F3】She published the book in 1847 under a masculine pen name to get round the prejudice that reviewers of the time had against female novelists. 【F4】Indeed some critics disapproved of a book that told of the romances of a dull governess, failing to recognise Bronte's genius in laying bare the inner life of her heroine and drawing attention to the intrinsic worth of every individual. F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, first published in 1925, was originally regarded as a shallow satire on the excesses of the Jazz Age. 【F5】The author believed it had been forgotten by the time of his death in 1940. but it has since come to be acknowledged as one of the greatest American novels of the 20th century, revealing the hollowness at the heart of the lives of the bright young things who enjoyed this time of unprecedented economic prosperity. Just as all classic novels are unique, so all Folio editions are different from each other: there is no conformity except in the quality of the books chosen and the beauty of their presentation. These are books to cherish.
问答题6.【F1】
【正确答案】这些书的唯一共同点就是：在过去数十年甚至数百年的时间里都受到读者的喜爱和拥护。
【答案解析】①主句为主系表结构(The only thing is…)，此句中第一个that引导定语从句，修饰The only thing，说明其作用特点；第二个that引导表语从句，具体说明The only thing的具体所指，该表语从句使用了现在完成时的被动语态，that在从句中为引导词。②句末的介宾短语by readers for decades，or even centuries是表语从句中的状语，说明loved and championed的施动者和持续时间。
【答案解析】①本句是由连词while连接的并列句。前半部分为分句1，为简单的主谓宾结构，意为“学者们持续写关于……文章”；介词短语about…in…of the novel为修饰articles“文章”的后置定语，具体说明学者们写的是关于什么内容的文章。②while引出的是分句2，该分句也是主谓宾结构。③根据上下文判断，这两个分句中出现的物主代词its都是指小说《傲慢与偏见》。
问答题8.【F3】
【正确答案】1847年，勃朗特借男性的笔名出版了《简爱》，以避免当时评论家对女性作家的偏见。
【答案解析】①这个句子结构相对简单，包含一个that引导的定语从句。主句部分为主谓宾结构。②句子后部的that引导定语从句，修饰主句中的the prejudice“偏见”，补充说明这个偏见的特点(那个时候的评论家们反对女性作家)；其中在该定语从句中引导词that在句中既是引导词，又充当从句的宾语，调整后的语序是reviewers of the time had prejudice against female novelists。
【答案解析】①本句是包含一个定语从句的主从复合句。②主句为简单的主谓宾结构(some critics disapproved of a book)，that引导定语从句修饰先行词book，在定语从句中，引导词that同时充当从句主语，指代主句中的book，整个定语从句用来补充说明book的属性或者特色。③定语从句中的介词短语of a dull governess作后置定语修饰romances，说明这是一本“讲述一位无聊家庭女教师的爱情故事”的书。④逗号后的分词短语falling to recognize…Bronte's genius…是主句的伴随状语，补充说明批评家不认同勃朗特的书的伴随结果(没能认识到勃朗特的……天赋)；genius后的介词短语in laying bare…and drawing attention to…为修饰genius的后置定语，补充说明勃朗特的天赋具体表现在哪两个方面，lay bare sth．意为“使某物暴露；揭露、揭发某事／物”。
【答案解析】①The author believed…，but it has come to be acknowledged as…为这个句子的主句部分，由转接连词but连接，说明前后分句存在转折关系。②分句1中宾语从句省略了关系代词that。该句的主句部分为一般过去时，宾语从句谓语为过去完成时(had been forgotten)，且使用被动语态，这个动作发生在believed之前，即“过去的过去”。③分句2是现在完成时态，结构较为复杂，其中包含一个伴随状语(revealing the hollowness…)和一个定语从句(who enjoyed this time of．．．)；伴随状语旨在补充说明作者菲茨杰拉德的小说被视为20世纪美国最杰出的小说之一，其伟大之处体现在何处；who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the bright young things，注意此处语境下的things指代人，young things即young people。